Hard and soft engineering 0.0 / 5HideShow resource informationGeographyWater and riversGCSEAQACreated by: katiebrosterCreated on: 25-04-16 19:19 Hard Engineering Techniques build flood banks straighteneing and deepening the river dams and reservoirs flood walls storage areas barriers 1 of 13 Flood Banks raise the banks of the river so it can hold more water relatively cheap, one-off costs looks unnatural, increases flood risk downstream (moves water quickly) 2 of 13 straightened and deepening of the river straightening - spped up flow of water deepening - dredge river so it can hold more water dredging needs to be done every year, lining with concrete is expensive, increases risk of flooding downstream 3 of 13 dams and reservoirs trap and store water, release it in a controlled way can be multi-purpose - generate electricity very expensive, huge changes to the ecosystem 4 of 13 flood walls built around settlements, industry and roads effective if the flood isn't too extreme expensive, looks unnatural 5 of 13 Storage Areas water is pumped out of the river and stored in temporary lakes, then pumped back when the water level in the river has dropped effective needs large areas of spare land 6 of 13 Barriers barrier is raised when there is a high tide or flood very expensive, new one may be needed in future 7 of 13 Soft engineering flood abatement flood proofing flood plain zoning flood prediction and warning washlands 8 of 13 Flood abatement change the land use upstream, eg by planting trees slows down the flow of rainwater into rivers, eg by increasing interception 9 of 13 Flood proofing design new buildings or alter existing ones to reduce flood risk/effect expensive to alter existing buildings 10 of 13 flood plain zoning different uses are allowed at different distances form the river land close to the river might only be used for grazing 11 of 13 flood prediction and warning Environment agency monitor river level and rainfall, use info plus forecasts to predict flooding issue warnings and produce flood maps 12 of 13 washlands parts of the floodplain that are allowed to flood washlands can't bebuilt on, usually used for nature reserves or sports pitches 13 of 13
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