Haemoglobin’s role is to transport oxygen. In order to do this effectively:
It needs to be able to readily associate with oxygen at gas exchange surfaces, and readily dissociate with oxygen at tissues requiring it.
Shape of oxygen changes depending on its environment and surrounding substances, which in turn chances its affinity for oxygen.
With CO2 present, haemoglobin binds more loosely to oxygen, losing affinity and releasing oxygen.
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