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  • Created by: Steff06
  • Created on: 30-04-17 10:05

Self-awareness, individation/deindividuation

  • Self-awareness theory: Focus attention on themselves, concerned of self-awareness
  • Individuation: Enhanced sense of individual identity which causes people to act carefully
  • Deindividuation: Lessened self observation/evaluation, weakening of internal controls. Behavioural effects: impulsivity, irrationality, emotionality, antisocial activity. Act dangerously.

Deindividuation examples: 1. Suicide bating -> Increases as conditions are likely to increase anonymity   2. War practices -> Cultures deindividualised before battle engaged in head-hunting, civilians and torture.     3. Halloween mayhem

Zimbardo, 1970: Antecedent conditions, anonymity, diffusion of responsibility, energising effect of othersm stimulus overload.

Diener et al, 1976: Told to solve anagrams, asked to stop when hear bell. Payment depended on number solved.  1. 75% working at normal desk worked past the bell.  2. 10% working by mirror kept working past bell.

Approach-inhibition theory of power: High sense of control and freedom. High power = action, approach, touchin/doing things. Low power = inaction, inhibition, retreating

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Leaders, power, examples

  • Traits of leaders:Useful, group-oriented. Provide rewards to group, show concern for others
  • Power: Arrange ourselves into social hierarchies based on power starting age 2. Make group interactions run more smoothly. Determines how resources are divided.
  • Related constructs: a. Status - respect/prominence   b. Authority - control over others   c. Dominance - goal of showing control over others

Money: Feel less powerful having it as reminds them of spending it. Less empathetic and helpful, more solitary and less intimate. Work harder, more motivated. Substitutes social needs. Holiday money makes you les worried by being excluded by others. Spending = social distress/pain

  • Diener et al, 1976: 1000 trick or treaters, alone or in group. Asked 1/2 of name, take 1 piece of candy. Deindividuation led to stealing. Anonymous+in groups = most likely to take more
  • Galinsky et al, 2003: Primed to feel powerful/not. PLaced in room with annoying fan - powerful more likely to turn fan off.
  • Magee et al, 2006: Primed to feel powerful/not. Drew E on forehead. High power wrote E backwards as less interested in perspective taking.
  • Gilavich et al, 2000: Put unflattering t-shirt wth Barry Manilow on. Thought 50% people would notice, only 25% did.
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