Globalisation and Crime

Castells (1998) 

• global criminal economy of £1 trillion per year
• this includes; arms trafficking, smuggling illegal immigrants, trafficking of people, body part trafficking and the drugs trade

crime is a global issue as travel is easier and cheaper and there are international connections

• fear of crime
• much knowledge comes from the media 
• e.g. moral panic in regards to immigration
• negative portrayal of immigrants has led to toughened border patrik and legal limits on immigration

Taylor (1997)

• crime is developing at both ends of the capitalist spectrum
• transnational companies move to LEDCs, producing job insecurity, unemployment and poverty
• deregulation means the government have little control 
• poor turn to drug gangs
• rich turn to tax avoidance and fruad

• form both internation and local links
• this is important in the drugs trade

Hobbs and Dunnigham 

• form varies from place to place
• globalisation change has led to different patterns in crime

McMafia - Glenny (2003)

• refers to the organisations that emerged in Russia and Europe following the fall of communism
• transnational organised crime started after the Social Union disolved
• led to deregulation
• sold cheap goods abroad 
• capitalists turned to the mafia to protect their wealth 
• purely economic organisations
• vital in the new Russian Capitaist Society 

Beck (1992)

• the masssive increase in producitivity has led to new manufactured risks 
• such risks are harming the enviornment and this has consequences on humans

Green Criminology 

• most the time, no crime has been committed
• more radical approach 
• green criminology moves away from legal definitions and focuses on a global perspective of harm 

Anthropocentric

• human centered view of enviornmental harm
• assumes humans have a right to dominate nature for their own ends
• puts economic growth before the environment 

Ecocentric

• humans and the environment are interdependent 
• both humans and the environment are liable to exploitation 
• in general, green criminology adopts this view 

Primary - crimes resulting directly from destruction and degradation of the earths resources

e.g. killing tigers for their skin

Secondary - crimes that flout the rules aimed at preventing or regulating environental disasters

e.g the profits made by TNCs in dumping toxic waste

Evaluation:

• recognises the growing importance of environmental issues 
• only focuses on broader harm not legally defined crimes