Biggest exporters= Uganda (50% of rural workers are involved with coffee) Ethiopia (15 million people work with beans and 67% of export revenue is from coffee)
ICA- They keep prices high and limit production
Market has beome saturated
Unstainable for LEDCs
Fair trade --> Guarentees a living wage for farmers
Starbucks = They have commited to buy 74% of beans at fixed long term proces
This ensures stability for farmers
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Nigeria
They have 36 billion barrels of oil reserves
Oil and gas account for 80% of national income
They are members of OPEC
Lack of technology --> Bigger TNCs have become involved
Rural to Urban migration has increase
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China and the internet
In 2015 = They had 650 million internet users
"Great firewall" --> Blocks foriegn websites and filters key words
"Golden Sheild" --> Uses fines and arrests
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Apple
"Green my apple" campaign --> It aims to remove toxic chemicals from products and use 75% renewable energy
Workers in China only get $100 a month for 60 hours a week
Foxconn -->suicide of workers (2010=14 deaths)
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Bananas
They are the 4th most important food product in LEDCs
Biggest exporters = Brazil, Ecaudor and Africa
Biggest importers = UK and North America
Biggest consumers = China and India
2013 --> 1/3 of bananas sold in the UK were fair trade
El Guabo association for small banana producers (Ecaudor 1997)
This has led to fair wages, health benefits and it supports the poorest groups
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Maquiladora (Mexico)
80% of workers in the region are women
IMF --> They offered Mexico loans but if they accepted Mexico had to put in a law to say that wages would never go up
Workers exposed to lead in water
Factories close and are left to rot (Panasonic)
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Unilever
Founded in 1930
Twin parent company--> co-headquarted in Rotterdam and London
They hace more than 300 production factories
They sell to 190 countries
Staffordshire = Marmite
Mexico = Deodrants
Brazil Aguai Factory = They have solar panels and eco-friendly methods
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United Nations
Only 3 countries not represented
World food programme --> Provides for 90 million every year
1981-1990 --> 1billion gained acces to fresh, safe drinking water
Literacy rates improved from 36% (1970) to 79% (2007)
More than 50 million refugees recived aid
Since 1945 they have assisted in negotiating 170 peace settlements
Death rates have halved since 1960
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NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement
Signed by Mexcio, Canada and USA in 1944
Goods are not taxed and there is no tarrifs
Gradual ellimination of trade barriers
Trade between the 3 countries ahs tripled
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World Trade Organistation
It was set up in 1995
The agreements made are permanent
They try to reduce barriers and provide stability
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World Bank
It was set up in 1944
Their goal is to reduce poverty
They have worked to help over 100 countries
They focus on developing nations
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International Monetary Fund
It was set up in 1945
They exist to stabalise exchange rates
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Uganda
Poverty in rural areas has left them dissconnected
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