Germany

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Role of Von Papen, General Scleicher and Hindenbur

Election of July in which the Nazis win with 37.3% meaning they were know the largest party in the reichstag                  Due to Propaganda and the SA but majorly due to the great depression and Hitlers promises to rip up the treaty

Hitler should have been made chancellor however Hindenburg made Von Papen Chancellor                                   However Von Papen could not hold support in the reichstag

Another election was called but this time still being the biggest party the Nazis only got 33% of the votes                                Due to the SA violent approaches

 Hindenburg then elects General Von Scleicher to be the next Chancellor                                                                                      However like Von Papen he could not hold support

Von Papen saw this as his opportunity to get back into power he has a secret meeting with Hitler in which they deceide Hitler shall have the title chancellor but only be the figurehead and Von Papen makes the decisions.                                       Hindenburg refuses until eventually Scleicher can no longer hold his position 

Hindenburg reluctantly agrees to Papens plan to make Hitler Chancellor                                                                                       But this was because of Papens promise to control Hitler however that does not work out as we know.  

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Nazi persecution of Jews leading to the Final solu

Within a few months of Hitler becoming chancellor in 1933 Hitler ordered a boycott of all Jewish Shops and businesses The word 'Jude'(Jew) was painted on shop windows and doors and homes to warn people away from them This boycott eventually extended to Jewish Doctors and Lawyers placards started showing up in the summer of 1933 saying jews not welcome and this was just the startEventually Jewish people were banned from being Lawyers, Teachers, Doctors hitler also demanded that any Jew be fired from any governmental jobs 1000 of Jews were sacked that day

The Nuremburg Laws  Reich Law on Citizenship BANNED jews to hold political offices and removed their passports from them

Law for protection of German blood and Honour this BANNED jews from marrying a german or having sexual intercoarse.

Krystallnacht 9th - 10th nov 1938

This was because a Polish Jew show a German politician and the reaction to this was Jewish shops and homes and businesses were attacked 100 Jews dies 20,000 were sent to concentration camps

Final Solution    This was when the Concentration camps were turned into death camps and others were sent their

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Hitlers Methods of Control (Terror)

Terror

Hitler turned Germany into a Police state one of the main things he used was the **                                                                 The ** was Hitlers private bodyguard and army group responsible for doing his every will an example of this is the night of the long knives. The ** were in charge of running the concentration camps which later become death camps and they were a strong force to compete with. The man in charge of the ** was Henrich Himmler

The Gestapo were a key branch of the ** they were also known as the secret police who would go undercover in public to find all the anti Nazis. The Gestapo had many ways of getting information for example

  • They would tap phones
  • They had network of informants
  • Or they would investigate, interrogate and torture

Law and order became Nazified

  • The police were not allowed to interfere with Nazi party issues
  • The courts would be run and ruled by ruthless Nazis who would always rule against jews or rule for the Nazis
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Hitlers Methods of Control (Propaganda)

Propaganda

Propaganda or to spread a message

Joeseph Gobbels was the Nazi Propaganda Minister

The Nazis organised Mass Rallies as a method of proaganda to demonstrate power and unity through Marches,speeches and Millitary Displays. These Rallies could attract 100,000 of people at a time.

Another huge method of Propaganda that was used was Radios

Germany had the biggest % of ownership of radios in the world with 70% of their citizens owning one                                     The Radios only had 1 channel and that was run by Nazis so that the only message being broadcasted was their and not any opponents.

They had also set up loadspeakers in the streats so their message was always being heard

The Nazis owned up to 69% of the newspapers and all journalists had be Nazi approved and all stories had to be pro Nazi or it would be cancelled and the one held responsible sent off to a concentration camp.

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Weimar Constitution Strengths and weaknesses

Strengths

Everyone over the age of 20 could now vote giving a more fair germany for everyone

The President was elected by the people aswell as the reichstag

President   Ebert was heavily supported by the army meaning that the army was on board with the new governmental system

Weaknesses

Article 48 granting the president the ability to grant laws in an emergency 

Proportional Representation

The President chose the chancellor not the people

Reaction to the treaty of Versailes 

The stab in the back myth

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Opposition to the Wiemar Republic

The Sparticusts were a communist group who tried to take over Berlin however they were defeated by the Freikorps

In 1920 some of  the right wing Freikorps took part in the kapp putsch led by Wolfgang they took over Berlin to form anotther government.

The workers staged a general strike causing the kapp putsch to end.

The government did not punish the revolters as many judges sympathised with people like Wolfganf.

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