(Concordant and Discordant landforms have been covered in a seperate resource titled "Costal Features and Landscapes (Litoral Zone)").
Joints and Faults permit sea water to enter them, keading to freeze-thaw weathering and Hydraulic Action, this eventually creates a gap in the cliff face which evolves into a cave. Eventually this cave will be eroded through to form an arch. Whilst it is still a cave, waves that enter it will be forced upwards and erode the roof, forming a blowhole. This will seperate and turn the arch into a stack, which willthen collapse into a stump.
Resistant Geology will result in tall, steep cliffs with caves, arches, stacks and stumps.
Less Resistant Geology will result in small, sloping cliffs prone to landslides.
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