geography theme 1 case studies

pride in India- improving squatter settlements

aims: stop urbanisation by improving rural life education and support for people in shanties
education- trained teachers and built 2 new schools
health and nutrition- 200 toilet blocks built over 35 villages and vitamins given to children
economic cdevelopment- children living far from school given bicycles
community development- youth clubs teach practical skills

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over 300,000 people have HIV/AIDS
46 yrs is average life expectancy
80% of people are unemployed
government: provide no services, sewers, running water, schoolc, hospitals, roads or rubbish
collection services provided by private companies who charge use- toilets, water...
houses are 3m by 3m house 5
people want and need... formal jobs, education, good shops and free access to basic services better housing - materials and space electricity and privacy

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push factors: low living standards, wages and basic needs unhygienic conditions and poor building materials
pull factors: employment, higher wages and seasonal employment
problems: border patrol, dangerous desert area to cross 1-2 million people try to cross border each year
racial issues between mexicans and americans

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benefits of growth: more services, supermarkets, jobs, customers to small businesses services run more often and are better
drawbacks of growth: habitats destroyed noise, litter and air pollution increase and crime rate green belt used up
things leading to development: push factors in CBD transport and easier access out of area larger community

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location: largest settlement in suffolk , 70 miles from London, near major port of felixstowe
A12, A14 and railways are nearby - close to sea (english channel) and orwell estuary good
accessibilty- sea links, roads links, rialway links pop. grown from 1940 to 1970, 121,000 (peak) then decreased due to counter-urbanisation
growth in industry and settlements on suburbs due to business parks like ransomes and copdock development in housing
refurbishments of old victorian buildings and housing and flats on brown field sites since 1991
retail cardinal park transition zone brownfield site- cineworld, superstores, park and ride, CBD pedestrainised in 1992 -£900,000 business and industrial
sites extended- ransomes europark, victorian industrial zone wants to be redeveloped into CBD - flat land encourages modern enterprises

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Leicester has recently undergone a redevelopment process.
The area was suffering from deprivation in a variety of ways.
Social exclusion was noticeable, for women and ethnic minorities.
workforce was lacking skills. In order to tackle this, and attract investment, a rebranding scheme was initiated.
Waterfront development began, to attract sophisticated restaurants and shops along the river.
Economically, a new business quarter was set up – creating 4000 jobs.
Community schools and a joint retail zone were also aspects of the new plan.

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meadowhall shopping centre built in 1990- 280 shops lots of parking and visitors
shops in sheffield declined due to movement to shopping centre
15% trade loss due to this move
fewer shops in rural areas due to increase in transport to meadowhall
sheffield trying to fight back- redevelop, improve parking, reduce crime
services location have changed due to improved transport links more out of town shopping centres- space, cheap cost, on-site parking
larger retail shops and larger chain stores provide cheaper prices in shopping centre compared to small boutique retail shops selling at higher cost

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