geography theme 2 case studies
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- Created by: charlie
- Created on: 27-04-13 21:55
tropical storms- hurricane Katrina (rich)
south east USA, 29th August 2005
prep.
- - sophisticated monitoring system- people were warned
- 70%-80% new orleans evacuated
effects
- SOCIAL- 1800+ people killed
- ECONOMICAL- $300 billion of damage
- ENVIRONMENTAL- sea flooding destroyed coastal habitats
resonses
- SHORT-TERM- coastguards, police, fire service, army and volunteers offered help and temporay shelter at louisiana superdome
- LONG TERM- government $800 million rebuilding flood defences and $34 billion rebuilding schools and houses
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tropical rainforests- Amazon
- located in Brazil covering c.8 million km2 of land
- since 1970 600,000 km2 has been destroyed
- caused by cattle ranching, subsistence farming,logging,mining,commercial farming
ENVIRONMENATAL IMPACTS:
- loss of iodiversity
- holds 100 billion tonnes of carbon
SOCIAL IMPACTS:
- local jobs affected- rubber tappers- the rubber trees are being cut down
- native tribes forced to move and conflict
ECONOMICAL:
- farming makes lots of money and mining creates lots of jobs
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES:
- replanting new trees- peru plant 100,000 km2 of trees before 2018
- ecotourism
- environmental laws- national parks (central amazon conservation complex)
- reducing debt
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river valley- river clyde
- 160 km long
- source: southern uplands region, scotland
- river esturay 3 km wide
- glasgow is built on it's flood plain
- ox-bow lake forming near Uddingston village
- four waterfalls : falls of clyde - highest fall is Corra linn (27m)
- gorge formed by waterfalls
- meanders between Motherwell and Glasgow
- interlocking spurs at crawford- 300m-500m high
- source Lowther Hills - two tributaries form together
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flooding- Carlisle, Enland (rich)
- Date: 8th January, 2005 River: Eden
causes:
- 200mm rain in 36 hours in an impermeable urban area
primary effects and secondary
- 3 deaths and 350 businesses shut down
- schools closed for months and 3000 jobs at risk
flood management
- environment ageny monitor river levels and man-made levees
immediate response and long term
- evacuated and temporary accommodation
- community groups for emotional support,
- scheme set in 2008- build up levees and defenses
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flooding- south asia (poor)
place: bangladesh and india date: july/august 2007 rivers: brahmaputra and Ganges
causes
- 900mm rain in july saturated soil and glaciers melted from himalayan mountains
primary effects and secondary
- 2000 deaths and 112,000 houses destroyed
- education lost and 100,000 caught water born diseases
floodmanagement
- waning system with monitoring stations but dont reach many rural communities
immediate response and long term
- many didnt evacuate which blocked transport routes, food distributed
- international charities fund rebuilding homes, agriculture and fishing industries
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coastal areas- Dorset coast
Durdle Door-
- arch formed by erosion of waves on limestone headland- crack, cave, arch
Lulworth Cove-
- formed after gap was eroded in limestone band
- behind limestone band is a band of clay- eroded to form a cove
Chesil Beach-
- tombolo formed by LSD- joins Isle of Portland to mainland
- behind Chesil beach is shallow lagoon- the fleet lagoon
Swanage Bay and Studland Bay-
- softer rock (sandstone and clay) in between Foreland (headland) made from harder rock (chalk)
- end been eroded- stack (old harry), stump (old harry's wife)
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coastal flooding- Maldives
- group of Islands just off the Indian Ocean
- population 300,000
- 1190 islands
- average height- 1.5m above sea level (80% below 1m)
flooding impacts- economic:
- loss of tourism and airport can't work properly
- damage fish processing plants and import and export
social:
- homeless communities and les available fresh water
environmental:
- loss of beaches and their habitats and loss of soil for plants
political
- japanese Gov given $60 million build 3m sea wall to protect main city, Male
- changed environmental policies towards global warming and long term plans
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coastal erosion- Walto-On-The-Naze
coastal management project
- 110m (361ft) Crag Walk- protect the SSSI and Naze Tower
- More than 16,000 tonnes of granite rock have been shipped in to build the walk
- slow the erosion to 20m (65.6ft) over the next 70 to 100 years
- £1.2m coastal erosion project
- it is being eroded so quickly because:
- geology
- animals burrowing into the cliffs breaking off red crag and London clay
- no sea defences
all this is leading to slumping cliffs and slip zones which is very dangerous
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coastal habitat- studland bay, Dorset
- sheltered from high erosion waves
- southern end being eroded
- sandy beaches around the bay and heathland behind (SSSI)
provides a habitat:
- reptiles- adders
- birds- dartford wrbles (rare)
- fish- spiny seahorse (rare)
- plants- marram grass
management
- boardwalks
- some sand dunes fenced off so marram grass can grow
- information signs put up
problems
- public
- boats anchors destroying seahorses habitats
- 2008 fire destroyed 6 acres of heathland
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