Geography Case Studies. PAPER ONE.

Volcanic Eruptions.

Mount St Helens MEDC.

-1980.

-Earth quake 5 on the richter scale, triggered massive eruption.

-Cost $175 million.

-57 dead.

-10,000 trees destroyed.

-250,000 fish killed.

Montserrat LEDC.

-July 1995.

-23 dead.

-50% population left the island for neighbouring islands or british isles.

-2/3rds island destoyed.

-Each person was entilted to £3000 compensation from the british gov.

Earthquakes

Kobe, MEDC.

-5:56am (everyone asleep so all killed as they could not react> 17th Jan, 1995.

-100,000 houses collapsed.

-5500 dead.

-$150 billion to repair city's infastructure.

Asain Tsunami LEDC (Indonesian Earthquake).

-250,00 dead, approx.

-13 Countries effected.

-£7 billion aid given.

-5 million made homeless.

Why Live in the danger zone? Campania reigon around Vesuvius.. good fertile soil for tomatoes. Tourists travel to places like Pompeii to see the old Roman Town.

Fold Mountins

Alps in Europe

-Dams, Built in V shape Valleys.

-Farming, Dairy Farming, cows use slopes in summer and farmers grow crops on valley bottom. In winter the cows are stored in cow sheds on the valley floor.

Rivers.

FLOODING.

Bangladesh, LEDC.

-1998

-57% land covered in water.

-1000 Dead.

Boscastle, SW England MEDC

-2004.

-89mm in one hour that caused 7ft of water.

-1 thumb broken!

Rivers and water supply in the UK.

3/4 of the UKs water comes from mountain lakes and Rivers. Why demand? UKs Population now over 60 million.

• Bangladesh 45 litres per family per day, UK 180 Litres per family per day.
• Formerly domestic manual tasks are now done by machines, e.g washing machines, dish washers, jet washers for cars. They all consume more water than if done by hand.
• Demand for electricity in offices, industries and homes. A Great deal of water is is used for production of electricity.
• Demand for transport which is increasing.

Kielder water in Northumberland.

• Largest artificial lake in the UK.
• Opened in 1982
• Built in a remote area so little disruption in terms of rehoming the few families who live in the area
• Poor quality farm land, steep slopes.
• Now a visitor attraction for water and land based activities ie water sports and woodlands. Also woodlands good for forestry.

Features of erosion.

• Old Harry on the foreland in Dorset.
• Durdle door arch, Dorset.

Features of depostition.

• Hurst castle spit, Dorset.

Coastal Erosion.

• Hallsands, Devon
• Holbeck Hall, Holderness Coast.

Coastal Defence.

• Mappleton, Holderness coast NE coast of the UK, facing the north sea.- Cliffs are made of easily eroded boulder clay.- Eroded at a rate of 1 metre a year.- 4km of land lost.- Rock groyne built to protect area.- Impact has been estimates suggest that it had accelerated cliff erosion south of mapppleton 10m/yr.

Sea level change-effects: London + the Thames estury.

• 'City' of London in terms of centre for business, houses of parliment, tourist attractions and housing are all located on banks of the thames. If flooded would create a 'financial diasaster zone'
• 1.5 million commuters work in thames side locations.
• Property assets are estimated at around £100 billion.
• 1.25 million people live in flood zone so insurance would be extremely high.
• 69 tube stations, 400 schools and 16 hospitals would also be affected.
• Infastructure value to high to calculate.
• Barrier cost £534 million but update will be £1.6 billion.