Geography Case Studies

• China population: 1.3 billion
• One child policy - 1979
• If followed: 5-10% salary increase and priority access to food, housing and health care and child received priority education and employment
• If not followed: 10% salary reduction and penalised in terms of scare resources
• In 1983 more than 14 million abortions were performed
• Upto 40 million single men by 2020
• Male to female ratio - 167:100
• Prevented upto 400 million births
• Fertility rate has dropped from 5.7 in 1970 and 1.8 in 2009

• Population doubled from 25 million to 50 million between 1960 and 1987
• The Aswan High Dam was built in 1971
• Lake Nasser was created behind it - measuring the length of England

• Shrinking population
• Woman given 16 weeks maternity leave
• 36 moths parental leave
• Birth rate now 1.9

• 2005 - 16% of population over 65
• 2041 - 25%
• 1980-2006: life expectancy grew by 2.6 years for women and 6.4 years for men
• Labour force will shrink by 16% by 2050
• Funding for health care, pensions ect. will need an extra 4-8% of national budger by 2050
• Average: over 75's spend 13 nights in hospital but rest of UK spend 8 nights
• Retirement age in 2046 will be 68 for everyone
• 80% of immigrants were 34 or under

• High unemployment in Poland - 19%
• Low average wages - a third of the EU average wages
• Housing shortages - 300 dwellings for every 1000 people
• Poles earn 5 times as much in UK
• €3 billion was sent to Poland from abroad in 2006
• Poland's population fell by 0.3%

• January 1998 - Kosovo tried to unify with Albania
• NATO began bombing raids in 1999
• 25,000 refugees fled directly into friendly European countries
• In 2000 there were 92,000 Kosovars claiming asylum

• 1993
• Eathquake
• Houses fell down because they couldn't afford strong buildings

• 1992
• Drought and famine
• Rural food supplies were reduced leading to malnutrition and death

• GNI per capita: $176.20
• HDI: 0.140
• HDI rank: 169
• Violent distribution of land from whites to blacks
• Blacks had little experience of farming
• Production of crops failed

• Half of the countries exports are low-value agricultural products
• Large trade defecit: $1100 (1990s)
• Low amount of trade per person ($110)

• 12% of the world's population consumes 85% of its water
• Domestic daily use in Africa: 47 l/person
• Domestic daily use in the UK: 334 l/person

• 1/8th of the worlds population doesn't have access to clean water
• 2.6 billion people don't have access to adequate sanitation

• Honduras
• October 1998
• 7000 people killed
• 70% of crops were destroyed
• 80% of transport infrastructure was damaged
• 35,000 houses were destroyed
• 1998 - agriculture made up 27% of the countrys GDP
• 2000 - agriculture made up 18% of the countrys GDP
• Cost of repairs - $439 million

Ethiopia:

• Population: 80.7 million
• Infant mortality: 109/1000
• Sanitation coverage: 12%

Water Aid:

• 1983
• Helped 820,000 people gain access to safe water
• Funded more than 50 projects
• Reduced the amount of young children dying from diarrhoeal diseases

• UK GNI: $36,130
• Poland GNI: $17,310
• UK HDI: 16
• Poland HDI: 37
• UK Climate: temperate
• Poland Climate: continental
• UK Communications: good trade links
• Poland Communications: poor communications
• UK Employment: 80% employed in the service sector
• Poland Employment: 17% in farming

• 32 million visitors in 2008
• £114 billion in 2007
• 1.4 million people employed in tourism
• Bad weather in 2007

• Average occupancy rate below 25%
• Visitors reduced from 7 million to 6 million

• 15 million visitors a year
• Plans to attract 2 million more visitors by 2018
• Plans to increase amount tourists spend from £1.1 billion to £1.5 billion

• 700,000 visitors per year
• Has 'big 5'
• Tourism is 15% of the country's GNP
• 219,000 people worked in toursim industry in 2003
• 23 national parks
• 15% of money from tourism goes to locals
• £8 million spent improving infrastructure 
• Visa fees for adults cut by 50% in 2009
• Visa fees for children scrapped

• 2007-2008: 46,000 tourists
• Tourists come from America, Britain, Germany and Austria mainly
• 14million km2
• 98% covered in ice
• The Antarctic Treaty: 1961, 47 countries, only ships with less than 500 passengers can dock and 100 passengers allowed on shore

• Xingu River in Peru
• Six local tribes
• Has 15 rooms