Geography Unit 2- Climate and Change

Glacials- period of time when average global temperatures are below 13 degreese C

Interglacials- period of time when average global temperatures are above 13 degreese C

Earth's Orbit

• Earth's orbit every 96,000 years from a circular orbit which means it will get warmer.
• Elliptical orbit means the climate will globally drop.

Volcanoes

• Volcanic dust and gasses into the hemisphere.
• Sulphuric acid and volcanic dust also enters the upper atmosphere

• Electricity production
• Escaping heat from cities
• Car exhausts= polloution
• overpopulation= CO2
• beef farming= cows methane
• Plane fumes= pollution
• factory pollution
• CFC's in fridges

• Greenhouse gases are essential as hey prevent the planet from getting too cold, without them the Earth would be 30 degreese colder

1. Sun's heat passes directly through greenhouse gasses

2. Earth is warmed 

3. Some heat is trapped by greenhouse gasses

4. Some heat escapes into space

5. increase in greenhouse gasses by burning fossil fules and cutting down forests

6. Less heat escapes into space

7. More heat is trapped so the earth is warmed even more

Evidence

• Paintings from 1683-84 suggested colder and warmer temperatures(and particles)
• Diary's tell us that the Thames froze over and people were skating on it
• Tree rings from 1700 show slow growth 
• Newspapers from 1608 'The great frost' picture of people on ice
• 1894 photo evidence of the Thames frozen and people walking across it

Exposure of Doggerland

• 16,000 years ago Doggerland on the planet fell.
• Evaporation continued from the oceans so sea levels fell
• Snow settled on the land, water was locked up as ice so less water flowed back to the sea.
• The shallow sea bed was exposed which created Doggerland

Evidence for Doggerland

• Gravel (river bed materials)
• Mammoth bones
• Rhino

More Natural Evidence

• Sabre tooth tiger
• Hynena (its poo)
• Hippos
• Soil profiles ontop of sand
• Drowned forests

Human Evidence

• Spear
• Human remains9tibia/shin)
• Human axe(6000 years old)
• 150,000-90,000 years ago, evidence of Neanderthal people (bones&knives)
• Campsite near low (fire hearth)

• About 11,000 years ago temperatures started to rise
• 7 degrese in 15 years
• snow and ice started to melt
• rivers flowed faster to the sea
• sea levels rose and drowned Doggerland!!

Evidence

• Diet based on large mammles changes to a diet based upon a fish
• Extinction of megafaunda (big animals)

• Located on the continent of Asia and lies north of the Indian ocean.
• Borders Myanmar (Burma) and India with a country of Nepal to the north west.
• Himalayas mountain range- mt Everest found in Bangladesh.

Fact File

• population density= high- 817,98
• Birth Rates= 35
• Death Rates= 12
• Life expectancy= 56
• Adult literacy= 36.4
• People per doctor= 6615
• GNP per capita= 220(£)/($)- how much each person is worth

• Poar Maritime- creates cold and wet air from Artic and gives us cold, wet snowy winter days (North West)
• Polar Continental- Creates cold and dry air from NE Europe gives us calm, but freezing winter days (North East)
• Tropical Martitime- Depressions of warm and wet air following the gulf stream giving heavy orographic rain in the west. (South West)
• Tropical Continental- Warm and dry air from the Southern Europe gives us calm hot summer days. (South East)

Short Term:

• Global warming will make the UK hotter and wetter
• Hotter weather- evaporation clouds- rainfall
• 2 Degreese rise and it would be as warm as paris.

Long Term

• Global warming will make it colder and wetter
• 2 Degreese colder would leave us as icy as Oslo (capital of Norway)

1. Scotland's skiing resort could dissapear by 2050

2. Swanage- hotter summers- boosting tourism

3. S-England inrease summer deaths amongst elderly due to heat related illnessess.

4. S-England increase in tropicl diseases like Milaria

5. R. Severn- Warmer climate leads to more storms, greater damage to property or flooding near major rivers.