Geography Human Rights and Intervention

• Violence plagues the city - a failed state
• Seleka(muslim) vs Anti-beleka(christian)
• Still heavily rely on France for currency and fuel
• Violence is used to manipulate people
• Extremely, virtually no govt
• Unsafe at night
• However there's loads of gold - why so poor?

• Most deadly drug epidemic in US history
• Was once home to factories and mills - deindustrialised
• 1 in 4 adults are addicted to heroin or other drug
• Fatal OD is 13 times the national average
• 3 people died each day through OD in 2016
• Strain on the fire service who have to deal with the OD victims
• HOW? - doctors over prescribed drugs and caused addiction under the ObamaCare act
•  - People became addicted and the drugs were then taken away - so they turned to heroin
• They're on track for 1,000 more callouts in 2017 than in 2016

• There is a 'recovery' program in place by the local govt
• 11 month program to get people off the heroin
• Only 10% actually complete the program

• WOMEN'S RIGHTS
• Women have few rights - only just allowed to drive as of September 2017
• Only 20% of the workforce is female
• 60% of women are educated to a secondary level or more
• Male guardian policy practices forbid women from obtaining a passport, marrying, travelling or accessing higher education without permission from male guardian.
• Girls are not allowed to play sport
• However - they do have free healthcare and education - they're improving
• Discriminating against women isn't sustainable once the oil runs out
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• ECONOMIC FOCUS INSTEAD OF HR
• $70bn plan for an economic city
• 50,000 people set to move in by 2020
• Privately funded
• Will become a tourist hub - ease reliance on oil money

• He's the first native Indian president to the country - he's of Indian decent
• Has rejected TNC oil companies because they exploit without benefiting the country.
• Trump hates him because he is pro environment anxd is a socialist
• He's used land reform (taking land from the rich) as well as raising taxes on large corporations.
• USA cut aid because they chose not to sign the Copenhagen Climate Change Agreement.
• They didn't like the agreement being based on voluntary targets and not set rules.
• This backfired - they're now heavily supported by Brazil. 
• However - they need to industrialise. Hydrocarbons in the Atiplano are their best option.

• The King values happiness as the role of governance, not GDP growth
• Believes happiness is the most important thing
• Collective happiness is the role of governance, emphasises harmony with nature and traditional values
•  
• The country doesn't have the wealth or resources to grow through GDP anyway
•  
• However - has been criticised as propoganda to distract from the ethnic cleansing and human rights abuse that takes place

KERALA

• Massively superior healthcare to the rest of India
• 2700 govt hospitals, 330 beds per 100,000
• All mothers are taught to breastfeed and free contraception is provided
• IMR was 12/1000 compared to 91 in other low income areas of India
• BR is 40% below national avg
• Equality in education is persued

BIHAR

• Large state, densely populated, very poor
• 86% rural population, 50% live on less than 80p per day
• Caste system is strong here
• Low human rights - high BR and DR

• Ranks 1st overall even though its 29th in terms of GDP
• GII in 2015 was 0.053 - very very good
• 96% of women are secondary educated
• Stable govt while having a relatively small population
• Highest electricity consumption pp in the world - 99% sourced from HEP

• Cost of enforcing the scheme would increase by 25% next year and double by 2026
• Removal of it cut the federal deficit by $473bn

• Trump didn't agree with the extra tax laws

• Those earning over $200,000 had significantly raised taxes

• HOWEVER

• - potentially lowered overall costs because people were treated befor needing expensive surgery

• - helped those that can't afford private

• - made sure everyone had health insurance in the work place

• Has destroyed the textiles trade of the country
• Caused massive unemployment so less taxes are being paid to the govt who really need money
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• On the down low - World Bank officials admit this way of managing developing countries is wrong
• World bank want to give them more ownership of their economies in the future
•  - more sovereignty

• World's largest exportter of jute and the largest exporter of tshirts to Europe
• Garment industry employs over 2 million people, 90% are women
• UK exports to Bangladesh were 61 million in 2004, 20% up on 2003
•  - mostly power generation equipment and industrial machinery
•  - has allowed success in the construction sector, esp bridge building, improved infrastructure
• Their clothing industry has increased from $866m in 1991 to $5.1bn 2004
• Garment exports make up 10% of the country's GDP

• Has economically crashed since the copper price crashed, was 68% of exports in 2003.
• Globalisation has meant that local industries are losing out to new tech
•  - has meant that local production and growth is undermined
•  - charitable 'dumping' from developed countries has destroyed industry
• The govt have to offer large tax exemptions to local industries to allow them to compete
• Privatisation of the mining industry has meant money is only held by a few people
•  - massive wealth gap

• EU committed $2.5bn in aid between 1976 and 1994
• Savings and credit cooperatives (SACCO) put in to act as a middle man to enable poor households to get a loan which would help generate more income
•  - by 1995, 1002 poor households had been encorporated into the scheme
• Number of health institutes have been set up with all necessary medical equipment with the aim to provide more sustainable primary health care to communities
•  - mothers now have access to ante/post natal services
•  - infants have regular immunization jabs
• NFE (non-formal education) centres established in 4 neighbourhoods
•  - designed for 7-14yr olds with no chance of attending normal school
•  - has created jobs and helped high school drop outs since they now can have a job.
•  
• HOWEVER - aid makes up 90% of the govts budget but only 2% of the pop have mobile phones?

• $1 trillion has been provided in development over the last 60 years
•  - yet the per-capita income is lower than it was in the 1970s
•  - more than 50% still live on less than $1 a day
• Evidence suggests aid has made the poor poorer and growth slower
•  - have become more debt-laden, more inflation prone and more unattractive to high quality investment
• Debts are repaid at the expense of healthcare and education
• In 2002 the African Union estimated corruption cost them $150bn each year
•  - In Zaire, the guy who the IMF put in control of the country's bank said that the system was so corrupt that there was "no prospect for Zaire's creditors to get their money back". Still, the IMF gave them to largest loan ever given to an African nation
•  - Zaire's president from 1965-1997 stole at least $5bn from the country.

• The fishermen werwe in debt due to money lenders - much of the debt was inherited
• UN FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
• Allowed the fishermen to unite and push away the lenders
• The UN fund paid off the lenders
• UN then set up a society to sell the sell the fish for the men at the best price
• The socierty takes a small portion to pay back the UN sustainably 
• A fair price is finally obtained for the fish

• Health is impaired by social factors such as losing connectivity with the land and family 
• They often live in very remote areas where access to healthcare is limited
• IMR is twice as high for aborigines than the Aus avg
• Diseases and cancers are much more prevalent 
• In 2006, unemployment was at 16% compared to Aus avg of 5%
• Obesity is much higher 
•  - poor diet
•  - smoking rates are twice as high
•  - educational attainment is much lower
• Suffered from the limited recognition and protection of their cultures, languages and rights and ownership of land and resources.
• This absence of protection has contributed to slow progress in addressing the disadvantage experienced by Indigenous peoples
•  - and results in policy made without Indigenous input
•  - often resulting in efforts being poorly targeted and sometimes discriminatory.