geography

key terms 

standard of living- the economic level of a person's daily life 

quality of life- is a social measure of well being eg. life expectancy or literary rates 

HIC- high income country 

LIC- low income country

NEE- newly emerging economy 

AID- help given from one country to another., typically a richer country to a poor country.

GNI per capita- total money earned by a country divided by its total population. 

sustainable tourism- aims to support local communities socially and economically whilst causing no harm to the environment. 

development indicators 

development measures how econmically, socially, culturally or technologically advanced a country is. 

GNI- gross national income(money earned by residents of a county including money earned abroad).

HDI- human development index. calculated using life expectancy, education and per capita income.

infant mortality- how many children per 1000 before they are 1.

literacy rate- the % of adults that can read and write acceptably. 

primary- raw natural resources for the ground (miner/farmer)

secondary- manufacturing (factory workers)

tertiary- service ( nurse/teacher)

Quaternary- research and development, high tech (scienctist)

china was the first country in the world to record a population of over 1 billion. it is now over 1.3 billion.the governemnt used to encourage large families. in the 1960s the growth spiraled out of controland the counrty experienced widespread famine.in 1979 the government introduced the one child policy. couples had to be married to have a child.

couples had to apply to the government to have a cjild.

those with one child experienced benifits and free healthcare.

forced abortions for anyone to be forund with a second child. 

baby boys were favoured over girls-lkeading to gender imbalance.

the poorest became reliant onthe benifits-leading to children being dumped 

the policy was so successful that large families are encouraged in certain places as soke pleaces are underpoulated.  thre law was formally phased out in 2015. 

there is a lot of rural to urban migration-from the countryside to Mumbai. this means that lots of people end up living in the slums like dharavi. just inder 1 million people live within 1 square mile in this slum.

rats everywhere, dieseases, poor living conditions, lack of water, poor sanitiations, lack of toilets, sewage contamination with the water pipes,child labour,4000 sikness cases a day, cholera, diptheria, thyphoid, tb, poor working conditons, no vaccinations, houses are dangerous. 

85% of people in slum have work, 1500 factories making $1 billion a year, informal jobs, home to 1 million people, education for children. Mumbai litracry rate is 89% and in slum is 69%, people are happy , thats waht they know, recycles 80% of MUmbais plastic and waste. 

fairtrade is a movement which aims to help producers in LICs tgo improve their trading,working conditions and quality of life.

improved wages paid to the producers.

communtiy taxes on products can be used to help build schoolsand help improve quality of life.

improved working conditions for employees.

small scale farmer has more control over prices.

can be expensive to get fair trrade certification. 

the poorest farmers can suffer as they dont have certification 

fairtrade proucts are more expensive to buy 

hot desert- dry,sandy, Ryn dersert in Russia.

Grassland(steppe)-surrounded by mountains, cold winters, lack of trees 

deciduous forest- trees drop leaves, affectred by the seasons, same as the uk

alpine vegetation- strong winds, mountains ahve their own biomes

polar desert- found in the north of russia, very few living things

artic tundra-  too cold for trees, ground has a permafrost, low rainfall 

coniferous forest- evergreens, long, cold winters, needles keep water in

edge of the ice sheet- huge, never rises above 0 degrees, no plant life