GENETIC ENGINEERING

The process:

·         Cut out the insulin gene from the DNA of a human cell using an enzyme.

·         Remove a ring of DNA from a bacterium and open it up using the same enzyme.

·         Insert the insulin gene into the plasmid using another enzyme.

·         Enable a bacterium to take up the altered DNA.

·         Put the bacterium in a fermenter, and it multiplies many times.

·         Each new bacterium contains the insulin gene.

·         The bacteria produce insulin which can be extracted.