- The basic idea is that you transfer a gene responsible for a desirable characteristic from one organism's genome into another organism
- A useful gene is isolated from one organism's genome using enzymes and is inserted into a vector
- The vector is usually a virus or a bacterial plasmid, depending on the type of organism that the gene is being transferred to
- When the vector is introduced to the target organism, the useful gene is inserted into cells
- In some cases, the transfer of the gene is carried out when the organism receiving the gene is at an early stage of development - the organism then develops with the characteristic coded for by the gene
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