Gender in Conversation - Theorists 4.5 / 5 based on 3 ratings ? English LanguageLanguage and genderASAQA Created by: georgiaCreated on: 30-04-13 21:17 Topics of conversation Lakoff womens vocab includes trival words because they are relegated to decisions about unimportant subjects Komarovsky Women speak about family and personal matters Men speak about money, business, sport, work and local politics Coates Men prefer topics that allow participants to take turns at being the expert Women are more personal Tannen Men assume role of infomation giver or fixer This reinforces strength and status 1 of 11 Weak expletives Lakoff Women use 'oh dear' instead of 'sh*t' Kramer Cartoons in New Yorker found males swore more than females 2 of 11 Tag questions Lakoff Adds uncertainty to statement Fishman Women use 3 times more tags, not for uncertainty - keep conversation going Holmes Modal tags - seek info Affective tags - soften/concern Facilitative tags - draw listener in 61% modal tags used by men 75% facilitative tages by women Cameron and Coates Monitor whether others are in agreement Coates Men use tags to seek information from one another 3 of 11 Intensifers and qualifiers Lakoff Intensifiers (so, such) avoid strong statement or committing to an opinion Spender Qualifiers (perhaps, maybe) show uncertainty when used by women Show certainty and authority when used by men 4 of 11 Hedges Lakoff Punctuate speech with uncertainty Fishman Women use 'you know' five times more than men Not for uncertainty, for conversational work Cameron and Coates Help statements become negotiable and retractable Coates Men hedge less 5 of 11 Hypercorrect grammar Lakoff Women more likely to comply to grammatical rules Trudgill Norwich study found women using correct pronunciation (running instead of runnin') Cheshire Reading study found that even at an early age women use more standard forms 6 of 11 Interruptions and overlaps Zimmerman and West 98% of interruptions were men Interrupted women more than same sex conversations Women also interrupt women more than they do men Men overlap with women more (100% of overlaps were mens) Tannen Interruption overlaps can be supportive and co-operative when used by women 7 of 11 Silences Zimmerman and West Single sex conversations - lasted 1.35 seconds Mixed sex conversations - lasted 3.21 seconds Women kept being interrupted so spoke less Tannen Women see listening and supporting as essential for group bonding They assume their turn will be granted 8 of 11 Co-operation Cameron and Coates Refers to particular type of conversation Speakers work together to produce shared meanings 9 of 11 Minimal responses Coates Women make well placed minimal responses Men make them too late Indicates a lack of interest and support Leads to women falling silent 10 of 11 Imperatives Tannen Men use more, especially with their sons Women use cloaked imperatives (lets) 11 of 11
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