- Past tensions have occurred due to the traditional dominance of Egypt, civil wars in Sudan and Ethiopia. 85% of the water originates from Ethiopia & Eritrea, but 94% is used by Sudan and Egypt. 360 million people depend on the Nile
- Tension has grown due to upstream nations increasingly challenging Egypt's dominance; with Ethiopia wanting to use the Nile River for HEP plants and industrial development
- In the 1990's, the Nile Basin Initiative was created; a form of cooperative management. All countries, except Eritrea, are working with the World Bank & Bi-lateral aid donors
- There is also community level development
- This initiative was boosted, by the 1996 Helsinki Rules on the Uses of Water of International Rivers. This regulated how trans-boundary rivers and groundwater supplies are managed
- Thus, the Nile Basin is an example that "Water Wars" may be averted
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