GCSE Geography Unit 2 Population-Migration

Migration

What are the types of migration?

Immigration-when people move into an area.

Emigration-when people leave an area.

International migration-when people move to a new country.

Internal migration-when people move to a new region within a country.

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There are two types of migrant:

Economic Migrants-people who move voluntarily from a poor area to a rich area to get a job or a better standard of living.

Refugees-people who have been forced to leave their country because of natural disasters, war etc.

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All the reasons for someone migrating can be categorised into push or pull factors.

A push factor is something negative about someone's place of origin which will then make them want to leave e.g. war, unemployment and famine.

A pull factor is a positive factor about someone's destination that attracts them there e.g. jobs, schools or houses.

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Impacts of migration on the country of origin

POSITIVES

there is less demand on service providers like schools and the emergency services.
money is sent back to the country by the migrant workers, so the economy is boosted.
women find it easier to get jobs as there are less men.

NEGATIVES

there is a shortage of skilled workers like doctors.
there is an ageing population
there is a reduced labour force so many projects go unfinishe
a gender imbalance develops as mainly males leave the country, so the population will decline.

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Impacts of migration on the destination country

POSITIVES

there is an increased labour force and more menial jobs are done, so the economy is helped.
the migrant workers pay taxes which help to improve services.
people can experience new cultures so become more tolerant.

NEGATIVES

there could be an increase in tension as locals and immigrants compete for jobs.
increased demand for services and they are comprimised because of language barriers etc.
money earnt by immigrants is sent home, it's not spent in the destination so the economy isn't helped.

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