Cell membrane - controls what goes in and out of the cell
Nucleus - controls the reactions in the cell
Mitochondria - respiration here, creates energy
Ribosomes - protein synthesis
Cytoplasm - where chemical reactions take place
Plant Cell
Vacuole - full of cell sap to keep the the cell rigid
Cell wall - keep the cell in shape
Chloroplast - full of chlorophyll which is needed for photosynthesis
Plus the things in an animal cell
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Some Specialized Cells
Sperm Cell
Lots of mitochondria for energy to swim
Long tail to swim better
Root Hair Cell
Large Surface area
Near to the xylem so water can be carried into the stem quickly
Fat Cell
Little cytoplasm so there is more room for fat
Can expand so more fat can be carried
Few mitochondria as little energy is needed
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Diffusion and Osmosis
Diffusion
Movement of dissolved substances from high to low concentration
E.G oxygen from the alveoli in the lungs to the blood
Osmosis
Movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration
Through a partially permeable membrane
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Active Transport
Active Transport
From a low concentration to a high concentration
Requires energy from respiration
A transport protein on the edge of a cell grabs the solute to be transported then spins and releases the solute in the cell, it then rotates back ready to grab another solute if needed.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Water + Carbon Dioxide (+light energy) ----> Oxygen + Glucose
The chlorophyll in the chloroplasts absorb light energy for photosynthesis
Limiting factors are: temperature, light and carbon dioxide availability.
Leaf Adaptations
Large surface area for light to fall on
Lots of chloroplasts
Veins to bring water to cells
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Plants and Minerals
Roots absorb mineral salts for growth
Nitrates - making protein - growth
Magnesium - making chlorophyll - photosynthesis
If deficient in any of these ions the plant may wither and die as they can't grow or can't photosynthesise
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