GCSE Urban Challenges Rio
- Created by: Darcy_bx
- Created on: 11-04-18 10:48
Urbanisation
Faster in LICs because...
- More people in HICs already live in urban areas
- More development in LICs
- Rural HIC places still have a good quality of life
Rural-Urban Migration= Countryside- towns/ cities
- Push and pull factors
- Increase population
- Child-bearing age so natural increase
Natural Increase= birth rate higher than death rate
- More people to work and fuel urbanisation
- More kids as better quality of life
- Better services= lower death rate
Megacity= city with population in excess of 10mil people
Rio's Importance
Regionally-
- Guanara bay- recreation
- Over 50 museums- rich culture
- Main service industries= banking, finance and insurance
Nationally-
- Stunning scenery- tourism
- Cultural capital- carnival/ celebrations
- 2nd most important industrial centre- 5% GDP
Internationally-
- 2016 Olympics and 2014 World Cup
- Statue of Crist- 7 new wonders of the world
- Major port- coffee, sugar and iron ore
Rio's Opportunities
Access to Resources-
- Industrialised= safer and more job opportunities
- More resuorces with development
Access to Jobs/ Money-
- Olympics gained job opportunities
- Tourism and trade
- Industrial development= more jobs
Access to Services-
- More development- morefamilies afford services
- Increased income
- More educated children can work and develop
- Better quality of life and increased life expectancy
Rio's Growth
- Trading/ business opportunities- Chinese and South Korean migrants
- Increased development- skilled workers from UK and USA
- Tourism and Olympics- migrants and income
- Common language- portugese migrants
Positive-
- Better trading- highre income
- More skilled workers= development
- Rio= global city- 5 ports and 3 airports
Negative-
- Olympics= Rio is more exposed
- Overpopulation
- Pollution= no tourism
- Limited facilities/ distressed locals
Land Uses
North Zone-
- Industrial and Port, International Airport and Maracana Stadium
- Favelas, Tijuca National Park
West Zone-
- Barra de Tijuca- wealthy area, Campo Grande- industrial
- Olympic Stadiums
South Zone-
- Developed tunnels through mountains, Tourist hotels and beaches
- Wealthiest district in SA, Overlooked by Rochina
Centro-
- Historic and old, CBD/ main shopping
- Financial centre
Social Challenges
Health Care-
- 55% city local health clinic (2013)- health kits to homes in Santa Marta
- av life expectancu 63- medica; staff detected and treated illnesses
Education-
- Cumpolsery 6-14, only half after- Free lessons in sport and school grants
- Poor teachers and shortage of schools- Private uni in Rochina
Water Supply-
- 12% no access- 95% pop mains water supply in 2014
- 37% of water lost through leaky pipes- 300km new pipes
- 80yrs water drought- 7 new treatment plants 1998 and 2014
Energy Supply-
- Not enough- Simplicio hydro electric complex- 30% increased supply
- Poorer areas illegally tap into mains- new nuclear generator
Economic Challenges
Infomal Economy- Employment outside government knowledge- over 20% people in favelas unemployed- Poorly paid (60 a month), unreliable, 3.5mil no insurance.
Positive growth-
- Better quality of life
- 6% of Brazil's employment
- Oil discovered- industries
Negative growth-
- Protests
- Richest 1% earns 12% of income, poorest 50% earn 13%
- Poorer communities cant pay tax
Unemployment- Schools of Tomorrow
Crime Problem= 2013 Passifying Police Units, police take control of favelas
Environmental Challenges
Air Pollution-
- 5000 deaths
- Brown smog- pollutants, traffic, Atlantic mist
Traffic Congestion- (most congested in SA)
- high crime, pollution and stress- new toll roads
- tunnels through mountains- expansion of metro system under guanara bay
- n of cars 40% increase in decade- coast roads one way
Water Pollution- Guanara Bay
- many of 5 rivers are polluted (open favela sewers)- 5km new sewage pipes
- 200 tonnes raw sewage, 50 industrial waste, oil spills- 12 new sewage banks 2004- $68m
Waste Pollution-
- Difficult access so waste dumped in mountains- power plant with methane gas
- Causes diseases and rats- 30tonnes of rubbish a day consumed
Favelas
Favelas= squatter settlements, 60% in suburbs, 25% outer city
Rochina-
- 75,000 population 2010- 3 x higher now
- Overlooks wealthy Copacabana
- 90% houses water, electricity and sewage- tvs and fridges
- Schools, health, unis, retail
Positives-
- More people stay in countryside with rural development- cultural activities
- People to Barra de Tijuca to reduce overcrowding
Negatives-
- 2010- 244 poeple killed, 13000 lost homes in landslide
- murder rate 20 per 1000 people, gang control
- Av income less than $75 a month
- Infant mortality- 50 per 1000, 50% homes no sewage and 30% no electricity
The Favela Bairro Project
1980s attitudes changed and government tried to develop favelas instead of destroying them.
Positives-
- Passifying Police Unit
- 100% mortgages available and access to credit and water/ drainage
- Cable car system and paved roads
- Hillsides secured
Negatives-
- New infrastructure not maintained- residents lack skills/ resources
- $1bil budget not cover all favelas
- Rents rise
- More training for literacy and employment necessary
Olympic Effect-
- 1000 people lost homes, 3000 more scheduled to be destroyed
- 800 new homes in Campo Grande (WZ)- 90min drive to centre- no where for children
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