fundamentalism - a return to the basics of religion,
happens for a number of reasons,
types: Christian in the UK, Jewish (Zionist) in Israel, Islamic in Iran, Afghanistan and elsewhere.
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Paragraph 1: Globalisation
definition,
'global village' - people are exposed to Western Culture,
Bauman sees aspects of western culture, such as consumerism, can be a threat to the identity of LEDC.
It provokes a defence approach.
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Paragraph 2: Modernity
Western societies take a more liberal approach,
Promote pluralism,
LEDC are more traditional and conservative,
Fundamentalism can be a response to modernity.
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Paragraph 3: Fundamentalism in Western Society
Wrong to assume it only happens in LEDCs,
Growing popularity in America and Britain,
Holden: groups like Jehovah's witnesses offer hope, direction, and certainty in a world that is increasingly insecure, confusing, and morally lost.
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Paragraph 4: Rapid Social Change
Fundamentalist Christians in America oppose rapid social change - 25% of the US population,
Bush strongly opposed laws that encourage non-traditional families (e.g. homosexuality, abortion, etc),
Successfuly campaigned to ban the teaching of evolution in schools and introduce creationism.
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Paragraph 5: Modernity
Some Muslims in the UK feel their beliefs are eroding - western ideas originally from US,
Rise in a stricter form of Islam taught in Mosques,
Steve Bruce: ethnic minorities in Britain - cultural transistion or cultural defence.
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Paragraph 6: Marginialisation
Wilson - marginalisation - NRMs,
Nation of Islam, Chritistian groups in the US - response to racism,
NRMs develop when social disruption - alien culture, e.g. Iraq where there has been a rise in fundamentalism.
Wallis - noted the emergence in spiritual deprivation in the 1960s - young joined nrms when social and political movements didn't change the world. People turn to radical forms of religion to solve their problems.
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Conclusion
Globlisation is happened and cultures are being infilrated by western practices and values.
However, like NRMs, fundamentalist forms of religion may have emnerged for a varierty of reasons.
To generalise is over simplistic - west may be affected too.
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