Functions of settlementschange

Key Term -COUNTER-Urbanisation -the movement out of cities to rural areas or smaller urban settlements- this process been happening in HIC s for last 50 years .

EXAM - Explain the changes that have occured to Rural Communities due to Counter- Urbanisation

Example AUSTREY

DEMOGRAPHIC -PEOPLE MOVE OUT OF Birmingham & Tamworth IN 1970s pop growth 1961 300 peple to 1000 2001

• ENVIRoNMENTAL - new estates built eg St nICHILS CLOSE - PREVIOUSLY FARMS 
• CHARACHTER LOST - farms converted to houses
• SOCIAL CHANGE- village pub  bird in hand thriving become a meeting place
• ECONOMIC -people living on the new estates work in Birmingham
• families have 2 xcars
• village school now is on a new site with 120 kids 1961 16 were at school

Rural Depopulation - People moving away from countryside to urban areas 

1Demographic - Less people under age of 40 in all remote areas - young adults leave area - poulation has an older structure

2Social - Movement out of rural areas- means those who ramin there have seen a decline in services eg Post offices closures in Devon 22% average uk is 18 % .Primary School closures eg Lowick school in Lake district 

3Enviromental Changes - Decrease in Pop means there sre signs of nehlect - derelict buildings - good for wildlife

4Economic changes - As population gets older less money going into running public services ie waste treat ment - problems for local councils

TIP NB - MARKS DEDUCTED IF SPECIFIC POINT NOT MADE - KNOW ALL  4 CUD GET CAUGHT OUT

Land use has changed in Urban Areas due to

1 Inrease demand for housing

2 DEINDUSTRIALISATION - Manufactureing as moved from Urban Areas in UK to LIC s where production costs are much lower

List the reasons for increase for demand for housing

SOCIAL - Marrying later in life was 24 in 2010age 30.having fewer children , later in life - impacted on type of house in demand eg mre flats small houises . Rise in divorce rate x2 houses needed for families . More people live on their own or are living longer ., more houses needed for the younger  

• POLITICAL -Population in UK rising predicted to rise4.1 mill between 2001- 2021
• government promised 3 mill new homes by 2020 Eg Bracknell in south East a new housing estate built on edge of town called Peacock farm 
• ECONOMIC -population wealthier - young can afford flattsat earl age - 100% mortgages available

EXAM Q - uSE egs Explain Changes in Land Use that Have occured in Urban Areas

• UKpop increasing
• predicted to rise by 4,1 mil by 2021
• government promoised 3 mill new homes by 2020
• growth take place in certain areas
• se Norwich city  17 hectares ON on River WENSUM - REDEVELOPED AS A ENTRERTAINMENT COMPLEX EG cINEMA + SHOPPING CEntre + 200 residential units  . Close to railway station & football ground carrow rd .
• EG Bracknell- NEW HOUSEING est Peacock Farm
• Bracknell in Berkshire housing development is on a GREENFIELD SITE close to M4 -easy resident comunte 14000 new homes- 91 acres country parkland doctors /primary schools

• CONSEQUENCES OF INCREASE DEMAND FOR HOUSING 
• Manufacturering is moving to LIc where production costs are lower
• Development of gated Suburbs are housing developments enclosed have gates to protect against threats eg burglars eg se england  
• Greenbelt been built on
• Relax rules on areas previously prone to flood #
• Environment - Natural habitat demaged destroyed
• Increased pollution - more cars per family

GREENFIELD SITE - area edge of a city which has never been developed in any way BROWNFIELD SITE=area within a city - no longer used- may contain old factories & housing or it may be cleared ready for redevelopment  eg armouries leeds

Diff between Green & Brown sites - One has never been developed - whereas brown may have been used factories and housing . 

Brownfields sites

• ADVANTS - plan permission easier to obtain
• infrastructure -gaslectrticity water already present
• easy to market due to access to entertainment facilities - city
• disADVANTS - SITES cleared decontamination of land can increase costs
• land costs higher due to close to city
• citiees may have social problems ie crime /pollution/ congestion difficult to market

GREENFIELD ADVANTS - UNOCCUPIED DEVELOPS CAN BUILD AS THEY WISH - cheaper land outside city - easy to market - pleasent views - cheaper contruction nothing to knock down /renew .DISADVANTS - infrastructure not there - gas /electric . distrurb environment nature - planning permissuion difficult - commute to work long

differences between redevelopment & renew .=redevelopment is when buildings knocked down & something new is built .Renew is when the fabric of a building stays the same but up dated & use od building usually changes .