Functions of Organelles 5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyCellular processes and structureASOCR Created by: tiacolesCreated on: 18-01-16 17:42 Plasma Membrane Description Made mainly of lipids and proteins. Function Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It also has receptor molecules on it, which allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones. 1 of 14 Cell Wall Description Made of the carbohydrate cellulose. Function Supports plant cells. 2 of 14 Nucleus Description Surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains many pores. Contains chromatin and nucleolus. Function Chromatin is made from proteins and DNA. The pores allow substances e.g. RNA to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleolus makes ribosomes. 3 of 14 Lysosome Description Surrounded by membrane with no clear internal structure. Function Contains digestive enzymes. Kept seperate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane and can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components. 4 of 14 Ribosome Description Very small, floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER. Function Site where proteins are made. 5 of 14 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Description A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. Surface covered in ribosomes. Function Folds and processes proteins made from the ribosomes. 6 of 14 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Description Similar to RER but with no ribosomes. Function Synthesises and processes lipids. 7 of 14 Vesicle Description Small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane. Function Transports substances in and out of cell aswell as between organelles. Some are formed by the Golgi Apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum, while others are fromed at the cell surface. 8 of 14 Golgi Apparatus Description Fluid-filled flattened sacs. Function Processes and packages new lipids and proteins. Also makes lysosomes. 9 of 14 Mitochondrion Description Has a double membrane. Inner one is folded to form cristae. The matrix contains enzymes for respiration Function Site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced. Found in large numbers in active cells which require a lot of energy. 10 of 14 Chloroplast Description A small, flattened structure found in plant cells. Double membrane, has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. These are stacked up to form grana. Grana are linked by lamellae. Function Site where photosynthesis takes place. 11 of 14 Centriole Description Small, hollow cylinders, containing a ring of microtubules (tiny protein cylinders) Functions Involved with seperation of chromosomes during cell division 12 of 14 Cilia Description Small, hair-like structures found on surface membrane of some animal cells. In a cross-section they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protein microtubules inside, with a single pair in the middle Function The microtubules allow cilia to move. This moves substances along the cell surface. 13 of 14 Flagellum Description On eukaryotic cells they are like cilia but longer. They stick out from the cell surface and are surrounded by plasma membrane. Function Microtubules contract to make flagellum move. Used to propel cells forward e.g. sperm. 14 of 14
Comments
Report