Fuels from crude oil

-Crude oil is a mixture of lots of different chemical compunds 

-A mixture contains two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined together 

-Crude oil is seperated by fractional distillation based on their boiling points 

-Nearly all of the compunds in crude oil are made from atoms of just two chemical elements- hydrogen and carbon (hydrocarbons) 

-Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are alkanes. The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2

-Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons which means they contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule.  

-Crude oil is a mixture of lots of different chemical compunds 

-A mixture contains two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined together 

-Crude oil is seperated by fractional distillation based on their boiling points 

-Nearly all of the compunds in crude oil are made from atoms of just two chemical elements- hydrogen and carbon (hydrocarbons) 

-Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are alkanes. The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2

-Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons which means they contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule.  

-Alkane-> CnH2n+2

-Alkene-> CnH2n 

-Every carbon convalently bonds 4 times, and every hydrogen bonds convalently once

-CH4-Methane 

-C2H6- Ethane 

-C3H8-Propane 

-C4H10-Butane 

-C5H12-Penpane 

(May Every Prefect Be Perfect)

-Alkane are made of single bond, alkene have 1 double bond between 2 carbon atoms 

-Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons

-Mixture= elements/compounds not chemically combined 

-hydrocarbons= compounds made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms 

In fractional distillation the crude oil;

• heats up
• evapourates 
• condenses into fractions depending on their boiling points 
• Highest boiling point at the bottom 
• Lowest boiling point at the top 
• High viscosity at the bottom (how easily it flows)
• Low viscosity at the top (how easily it flows)
• Long chain at the top
• Short chain at the bottom 
• High velotility at the top, low velotility at the bottom (how quickly it evapourates)
• Lighter colours at the top, darker colours at the bottom 

-Refinary gases are found near the top

-Petrol is found near the top 

-Top->        Refinary gases

                 Petrol

                 Diseal 

                 Naptha

                 Kerosene- jet fuel 

-Bottom -> Birtuna-road surfaces 

-Distilation is seperating things according to thier boiling points