French
- Created by: Annabel smith
- Created on: 26-03-14 12:04
The, a, some, any
Le - before masculine nouns
La - before feminine nouns
Les - all nouns in the plural
Use le/la/les before the name of a country and before a price or a quantity
Un - masculine
Une - feminine
sometimes un/une is not neccessary - e.g. je suis medicin - I am a doctor
Du - masculine Des - Plural ALL mean some/any (any - questions)
De la - feminine De l' - Before verb with a vowel/ silent h
The present tense
erreir regarder vendre finir je regarde vends finis tu regardes vends finis il, elle regarde vend finit nous regardons vendons finissons vous regardez vendez finissez ils, elles regardent vendent finissent
IRREGULARS:
avoir - to havealler - to gofaire - to doêtre - to be je j'ai je vais je fais je suis tu tu as tu vas tu fais tu es il, e,,e, on il a, elle a, on a il va, elle va, on va il fait, elle fait, on fait il est, elle est, on est nous nous avons nous allons nous faisons nous sommes vous vous avez vous allez vous faites vous êtes ils, elles ils ont, elles ont ils vont, elles vont ils font, elles font ils sont, elles sont
The future 1
Use aller + infinitive - quite informal - expresses immediacy
Aller (present tense)+ an infinitive (e.g. jouer)English Je vais jouer I'm going to play Tu vas jouer You're going to play Il/Elle va jouer He/She's going to play Nous allons jouer We're going to play Vous allez jouer You're going to play Ils/Elles vont jouer They're going to play Future tense: - describe what will happen in the future
- je - part of the verb ends in -ai
- tu - part of the verb ends in -as
- il/elle - part of the verb ends in -a
- nous - part of the verb ends in -ons
- vous - part of the verb ends in -ez
- ils/elles - part of the verb ends in -ont
Irregular verbs - future
aller j'irai I will go avoir j'aurai I will have boire je boirai I will drink devoir je devrai I will have to être je serai I will be faire je ferai I will make/do pouvoir je pourrai I will be able venir je viendrai I will see voir je verrai I will see vouloir je voudrai I will want
After the word 'QUAND' - always use future instead of present
e.g. quand je serai riche - When I am rich
Past tense
There are two tenses - PERFECT or IMPERFECT
PERFECT - use when tlaking about an event that has happened ONCE - e.g. I went on holiday last year
IMPERFECT - to talk about an vent that took place REGULARLY - e.g. I visited my granny every week
- Also use it to talk about an event that went on for some time - e.g. I wa slistenign to my CD
Imperfect
1. Take the nous form of the verb, present tense
2. Remove the 'ons' and add ending
parlerfiniravoirêtre je -ais je parlais je finissais j'avais j'étais tu -ais tu parlais tu finissais tu avais tu étais il/elle/on -ait il parlait elle finissait on avait il était nous -ions nous parlions nous finissions nous avions nous étions vous -iez vous parliez vous finissiez vous aviez vous étiez ils/elles -aient ils parlaient ils finissaient ils avaient ils étaient
Perfect tense
1. Take present tense of avoir + past participle of the verb
- j'ai fini
- nous avons fini
- tu as fini
- vous avez fini
- il/elle a fini
- ils/elles ont fini
- -er verbs: regarder becomes regardé
- -ir verbs: finir becomes fini
- -re verbs: perdre becomes perdu
Etre verbs - DR & MRS VANDERTRAMP - Devenir, descendre, rester, entrer, monter, rentrer, retourner, tomber, sortir, revenir, venir, aller, arrivr, mourir, naitre, partir
JE SUIS ALLE , TU ES ALLE, IL EST ALLE , NOUS SOMMES ALLES, VOUS ETES ALLES, ILS SONT ALLES.
Conditional tense
I would do something
AIS, AIS, AIT, IONS, IEZ, AIENT
IRREGULARS:
Sera - will be = Ser + ending e.g. Je serais
Ira - will go - Ir + ending e.g. J'riais
Future 2
Something will happen e.g. I will play
ENDINGS:
- Je - ai
- Tu - as
- Il/elle/on - a
- Vous - ez
- Ils/elles - ont
Use infinitive including 'r' then add ending
Is the word masculine or feminine?
Words, which end as follows, are mostly masculine:
...age ...aire ...eur ...isme ...taire ...ment ...phone ...tre ...iste ...ieme ...eau ...ite
Words, which end as follows, are mostly feminine:
...ade ...ion ...ance ...ine ...esse ...ence ...ité ...lette
Pluperfect
I had seen / I had been thinking
1. Imperfect tense of avoir or etre + past participle
For example:
- J'avais mangé = I had eaten
- Il était descendu = He had gone down
- Nous avions acheté = we had been buying
The subjunctive
NOT tense, it is a mood
1. Starts with ils of present tense, remove 'ent', and add ending
JE - E TU - ES IL/ELLE/ON - E NOUS - IONS VOUS - IEZ ILS/ELLES - ENT
- il faut que... ( it is necessary) e.g. il faut que tu fasses tes devoirs
- il semble que... (it seems that) e.g. il semble que tu aies raison
- bien que (although) e.g. bien qu'il soit intelligent, il est très idiot.
- pour que (in order that) e.g. il est allé en ville pour qu'il puisse acheter des souvenirs
- vouloir que (to want) e.g. je veux que tu le fasses
- avoir peur que + ne (to be scared) e.g. j'ai peur qu'il ne fasse quelque chose de stupide
- craindre que + ne (to fear) e.g. je crains qu'il ne fasse quelque chose de stupide
- préférer que (to prefer) e.g. je préfère que ce soit vous
Irregular adjectives
- Adjectives that already end in 'e' cannot add an extra 'e' in the feminine but they can add an 's' in the plural
- Adjectives that end in 'f' become 've' in the feminine. Both add 's' in the plural.
- Adjectives that end in 'x' become 'se' in the feminine.
- Adjectives ending in 'er' become 'ère' in the feminine.
- Adjectives ending in on/en/el/il double the last letter then add an 'e' to become feminine.
grand (e) petit (e) long (ue) beau (belle) nouveau (nouvelle) jeune vieux (vielle)
These are adjectives that go BEFORE the noun
Adverbs
Describe something - e.g. noisily, slowly
To form the adverb (for example, slowly) start with the adjective:
- slow = lent
- make it feminine = lente (remember some adjectives do more than just an 'e' to make them feminine)
- add ment so lentement = slowly
EXCEPTIONS
- Adjectives that end in a vowel do not add an 'e' in stage 2 above.
- Adjectives that end in ant or ent become amment/emment
- vite stays as vite
Direct object pronouns
The idea of the object giving something e.g. the old man gave his dog a bone
The direct object pronouns in English are:
EnglishFrench me me you te/vous him le her la it le/la us nous them les
Indirect object pronouns
The object recieving something - e.g the old man gave the dog a bone
The indirect object pronouns are as follows:
EnglishFrench (to) me me (to) you te/ vous (to) him lui (to) her lui (to) us nous (to) them leur
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