Forensic psychology

AO1-

• Deviance involves breaking societies norms and values
• Crime involves breaking the law

AO3

• Issues with things like culture- crime is dealt with differently in all cultures. Making all research ethnocentric based on where the research was carried out
• Things differ like the age of crime is 10 in England and Wales while in Scotland it is 8 but is being raised to 12 and in most European countires it's 14.
• The definition of crime changes with time, hitting your child only became outlawed in 2004

AO1-

• Official statistics are gorvernment records and based on the crime reports of the past year. Published by the hime office annually.

AO3-

• Official statistics lack validity (not all crime is reported like domestic violence against men is under reported)
• May lack reliability as some police forces don't record petty crimes like stealing something worth less than £10
• Only the number of criminal acts is counted and not the number of criminals as there may be few criminals that are comitting the majority of crime.

AO1-

• Crime Survey For England and Wales selects 50'000 homes to document any crimes they've endured in the past year

AO3-

• Respondants may mix up the year a crime happened and write about a crime that happened a year prior (known as telescoping)
• Some people may not realise a crime has happened as they may think an item was misplaced rather than stolen
• However, these surveys may be higher in validity than official statistics as victims may be more liekly to report trivial offences as they may be something the police wouldn't have recorded.

AO1-

• Offender surveys- indiciduals volunterring mumber of crimes they have committed.
• Tend to target groups of likely offenders based on 'risk' factoes like age or backgorund.

AO3-

• Lack validity as criminal may not be truthful about the true number or can't remember all of their crimes details.
• The dark figure of crime hampers all methods to meauring crime as not all crime is made public to the people.
• All mehtods with meauring crime have reliability and validity issues, a multidisciplinary approach may be better or combining all three to get the true statistic of crime.