families

A household is a person living alone or a group of people all living together in the same domestic dwelling. This group may or may not be related to one another.

• A family is harder to define.
• One definition is that it  involves a monogamous marriage between a man and wife plus their children, all sharing the same residents.
• in opposition to the previous definition, some argue that a family can't simply be defined by a list of rulees.
• some argue that any arrangement that those involved see as a family, is a family.
• this means that a family could technically consist of any group of people who consider theemselves to be a family.
• this definition gives family members the advantage of not being judged, stereo-typed or pigeon-holed.

• This is the new nuclear family headed by a married couple or cohabitating couple who are both working.
• The difference between nuclear and neo-conventional families is that in the nuclear family only the father works but in a neo-conventional , both work .

• Divorce is now easier.
• The cost of getting married is high.
• Family conflict is caused by gender roles.
• Single parenthood is more acceptable.
• Conflict caused by modern world pressure.

Husband and wife perform different tasks and have a number of seperate interests and activities.

in the traditional nuclear family, the roles of husband and wife were segregated rather than joint. The husband has an instrumental role geared towards achieving success at work so that he can provide for the family financiallly. the wife has an expressive role geared towards primary socialisation of the childrens and meeting the family's emotional needs. she is a home maker rather than a wage owner.

Reasons people choose to live in a family:

Not enough money.

Don't think they can bring up kids.

Family discord.

Time consuming.

Don't get on.

Upcommiting/ independent.

Economic reasons.

Stressful.

Not having to worry about anyone else.

most kibbutzium were established in the 1940's in what became the newly created state of isreal in 1948. They aimed to provide communal living for those who wanted it.

Today there are some 270 kibbutzium in isreal. Most have a population of around 500. About 2.5% of the population live in a kibbutz.

There have been changes in kibbuts life that have seen a move away from some of the basic principles that lead to their formation.

Then :

people living in these communities were monogamously married.

children were brought up in a childrens house with sleeping quaters, play and study rooms. parents only spent time with their children after work.

when kibbutzium were smaller social and cultural life was charaterised by toogetherness and being ' one big family'.

Now:

they also contain young volunteers who live in the kibbutz in exchange for work.

since the 1970's, kibbutz life has become 'family - centered ' with all the children being raised by their parents and living at home.

with the advent of cable and satalite tv, videos and the personal computers, entertainment has become more home-based and family-centered.

a small number of the population decide not to live as part of a family but instead decide to live as part of a commune.

property is shared.

skills are shared with the whole commune.

responsibilities for all wellness of the commune are shared between all members.

strong community spirit.

Strenths:

they all share the same things so they dont have to pay for it and everyone gets along.

weaknesses:

if someone falls out they wont get to trade. only a few live in these. they need volunteers therefore there isn't enough people.

some individuals who have the money to buy a house but may wish to live communly with others may choose to co-house.

often these homes are purpose built or made in an existing mansion.

individuals have their own self contaainted rooms.

facilities like kitchen,bathroom and gardens are shared.

residents have a large imput into the layout of the co-house.