factors/processes in polar climates

• latitude (insolation)- recieves little insolation due to exteme latitudes, the suns energy has to be spread over a bigger area, so it's less concentrated. also, the suns energy has longer distance to travel through the atmosphere so more energy can be reflected out by the atmosphere.
• albedo effect- snow keeps poles cold as it reflects most of the energy that reaches the ground, cooling the area further

• latitude- summer 24 hr daylight as the north pole is closer to the sun than the south pole- warmer

               -winter 24hr daylight as the north pole is further away from the sun than the south pole-cooler

• continentality- much cooler inland but warmer at the coasts due to the warming effect of the oceans

• cooler temperatures means less moisture can be carried by the wind
• high air pressure=less rain

• cool air blowing from central antartica towards the coast
• when this air reaches lower ground it is forced under warmer air, so it travels towards the coast close to the surface chilling the land as is passes