F212: Nutrients inside the body

Function: provides energy which is released via respiration.

Located in breads, rice, potatoes, pulses (beans, lentils etc.) and breakfast cereals.

They are important as they take longer to digest and so their energy is released much more steadily. 

Function is the formation of new cells and tissues, the most important molecules it is known for are haemoglobin, collagen and enzymes.

They are located in meat, eggs, fish, dairy products and pulses (e.g. beans, lentils etc.).

There are 20 different types of amino acids, proteins need to be consumed as 8 of amino acids which are essential cannot be created. 

The function is to make cell membranes and steriod hormones. They can be also be broken down for energy during respiration. They are also a good source of fat soluble vitamins.  They are located in oily fish, dairy products, red meat and plant oils. 

A deficiency in lipids can lead to poor growth; similar to proteins. 

A fat soluble vitamin.

Their function is to make the pigment rhodopsin which are found in the rod cells in the eye; this is essential for vision. It is also used to make retonic acid which aids cell development and growth; especially in epithelia.

They are located in meat, egg yolks and carrots. 

A deficiency in vitamin A can lead to dry rough skin, xerophatalmia (drying of the cornea) and night blindness. 

If 100 times the dosage is consumed; it is toxic.

This is a water soluble vitamin.

Its function is to make collagen. 

It is located in blackcurrants, potatoes and citrus fruits. 

Its function is to assist in the formation of bones and teeth.

It is located in dairy food, oily fish and egg yolks.

It is also created when exposed to the skin.

It is a steriod hormone which controls the absorption of calcium from the gut which is deposited in teeth and bones. 

Its function is to make haem in haemoglobin.

It is located in meat, dark chocolate, shellfish, beans and eggs.

A deficiency can lead to iron-deficiency anaemia. 

Its function is bone formation and blood clotting.

It is located in dairy products and fish. 

A deficiency can lead to osteoporosis and softening of the bones.