Gottesman and Shields1966
conducted a natural experiment using indipendent measures. looked at hospital records collected over sixteen years to see how many schizophrenia patients had twins. found that monozygotic twins had 48% concordancxe rate and dizygotic twins had a 17% concordance rate.
+ the results are supported by other studies that had similar findings.
+ sampling was carefully controlled using multiple measure to make sure that the twins were correclty allocated.
+ high validity because they used natural experiments and this means that the study had good mundane realism.
- the concordance rate was not 100% so there are alternative facotrs other than genetics at that cause schizophrenia.
- its difficult ro disentagnle effects of the environment because it is not conclusive.
- natural experiments have low reliability because variables are not controlled so its hard to replicate.
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