European Migration

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European Migration

Changing migration patterns

  • Past - Migration in / out UK reflected ties with Commonwealth (53 countries, 1.7 billion people)
  • Before 2004 - Migration between UK and other 14 EU countries (e.g. France and Germany)
  • May 2004 - EU enlargement - 10 more countries added to EU (e.g. Turkey and Poland)
  • Janurary 2005 - 2 more countries added (Bulgaria and Romania)

Why are migrants needed?

  • 3D Jobs - Dirty, Difficult, Dangerous - Jobs avoided by local workers
  • To fill low skilled jobs in underground informal economy
  • Fill in jobs that suffer seasonal shortages e.g. construction and farming

Challanges of migration

  • Jobs and wages - impact is minimal
  • Welfare entitlement - Belief migrants recieve preferntial treatment
  • Public services - Extra strain on services
  • Culture differences and integration - Fear that english culture is under threat
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Labour Migration

Effects on Source and Host countries

Demographic effects

  • More young males -HOST
  • Increase birth rate - HOST

Economic

  • Local people under pressure - HOST, SOURCE
  • GDP will increase - HOST, SOURCE

Social

  • Pressure on women - SOURCE
  • Subject to prejudice, discrimmination and expoitation - HOST
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European Migration

Effects on Source and Host countries

Cultural

  • Multiculturalism - HOST
  • More diversity - HOST

Enviromental

  • Carbon footprints - from flying / coaches - HOST, SOURCE
  • Stress on land use (Housing) - HOST

Political

  • EU policies - HOST, SOURCE
  • National insurance number - access to benefits - HOST
  • The immigration act - HOST, SOURCES
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