Ethical thought ETHICS PRINTED

• His book was called 'Nicomachean ethics'
• Two types of virtues: Intellectual (such as knowledge and wisdom)

                                        Moral ( Such as courage and strength)

• Reason=understanding+responding
• 5 intellectual virtues (divided into 3 classes):

                                      Theoretical: Wisdom, Science and Reason

                                         Practical: Phronesis (practical wisdom)

                                       Productive: Actions

• Doctrine of the mean- finding a balance between too much or too little of a quality (for example, doing too much or too little excersize can be bad for your health)
• Eudaimonia- ultimate happiness or human 'flourishing'

• his book is called 'After Virtue'
• He believed that people need to be virtuous for society to work
• He created eight modern virtues: Courage

                                                           Justice

                                                           Temperance

                                                           Wisdom

                                                           Honesty

                                                           Indoustriousness

                                                           Hope

                                                           Patience

Anscombe

• we can flourish if we use the virtues

Foot

• Trolly-car analogy
• Virtues should be used to make the world a better place

• Arbitrariness problem (Plato) -"is something good because it is God's will or is it God's will because it is good?"
• Frankena- If God commands us to do something, no matter how evil it may seem, we should do it as we cannot understand God's ways
• Adams- God is good which means his commands must always be good.
• The story of God asking Abraham to kill his own son.

• The idea that any action is selfish
• Altruism-an act that is purely selfless
• Empiricus believed that humans live to maximise their own pleasure
• Psychological egosim- everything is selfish even if that is not the intention
• Rachel believed that egoism endorses selfishness but not foolishness
• Stirner believed in the union of egosits- a group of people all acting in self interest