As waves break, they force air into small cracks in the cliff face.
The force of the water compresses the air. The sheer force of the water can also dislodge any loose material.
When the wave retreats, and the force is removed, the air expands explosively outwards, and rushes out of the crack.
The 'explosion' can widen and extend the crack, further weakening the surrounding rock.
Also, as it rushes out, it can also break off small pieces of rock from within the crack, further increasing the size of the hole.
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