Environment

• Use only renewable materials from managed sources
• Use renewable energy to power production of products
• Use recycled and recyclable materials
• Design products to be repairable, reusable and fully recyclable
• Produce products with lower power consumption
• Design prudcuts with fewer componenets and less weight
• Design pruducts that are upgradable so their life is extended
• Create products that are sourced, produced and sold locally

• Over use of finite and non-recyclable materials
• Use of many components that are hard to repair or recycle
• Fossil fuels to power manufacture
• High power consumption on standby and in use
• Products that have built in obsolescence that are designed not to be upgradable
• Component parts of the product which travel long distances and are shipped globally

Digital printing

• enabled small publishing companies to benefit from printing books on demand rather than printing and warehousing large print runs

Eco-friendly technology

• old technology combined with new ideas can create excellent new products
• engine has become more and more efficient

• approach that seeks to continually improve
• requires workforce to work together to find any possible way to make adjustments to save time, money and resources
• Kaizen - Japanese term, reduce waste and improve efficiency
• employee that discovers a potential saving will be rewarded
• encourages a sense of teamwork and leads to greater productivity and less waste

• prevents wasted time, overproduction, wasted resources (power), wasted activity
• save money, gain competitive edge over competitors
• management consultants - find most effective ways to run a business
• energy walk - member of staff goes around turning off unnecessary lighting, heating and other appliances
• cost effective and lowers CO2 emissions
• practices such as JIT and lean manufacturing

• air and waterways affected by industrial pollution
• almost impossible to make a product without pollution - directly or indirectly
• LCA (life cycle assessment) - company finds out how much pollution their product is causing and they plan a reduction strategy
• global warming - caused by excess CO2 in the atmosphere that traps heat and warms the earth
• caused by burning fossil fuels - greenhouse effect
• due to population increase since industrial revolution and boom of global manufacturing
• carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide

• companies try to be carbon zero
• if they can't, they purchase carbon credits
• carbon credits provided by companies that have carbon reducing activities

1. Reduce energy use and CO2 emissions through more efficient user behaviour

2. Improve energy efficiency with more efficient appliances and buildings

3. Incorporate renewable energy

4. Purchase carbon offsets

• money from carbon offsets invested in carbon-reducing activities
• mass planting of tress and forest regeneration, development and production of renweable energy, conservation of finite resources

• uses finite and dangerous metals
• production process very intensive
• disposal of batteries required to prevent leaching alkalis into the environment
• alternatives to battery power - renewable energy sources (tidal, solar, wind)

• plastic microbeads in exfoliating scrubs, body washes and toothpaste
• found inside sea animals and polluting oceans
• plastics absorbs toxins

• digitalisation and consolidation of many devices in one
• reading a book, playing a CD and taking a photo can all be done with one device