English language

The teacher says the word, the child then repeats this word. They then repeat it again, but with no sound the second time.

Opposite to Oral segmenting. The teacher says each sound of a word and the child responds with the completed word. E.g. Teacher: "b/a/l" Child: "ball".

The teacher says the word and the child responds with how the word would be spelt out. E.g. Teacher: "ball" Child: "b/a/l".

Turning a word into another word by changing one letter. E.g. cat into hat, by the substitution of one phoneme.

The recognisation of the common sound in different words. E.g. boy and bell = 'b'.

The ability to identify where a sound appears in a word or what sound appears in a given position in a word. 

The smallest single identifiable sound.

Two letters which make one sound different from the sound either letter can make on their own. E.g. sh, ch, th, ph. 

A letter or a group of letters of representing one sound. E.g. sh,ch, igh, ough.

She made phonics compulsory in reading in 2007.

'ough'

'igh'