Use half-finished sentences because they don't think before they say things
Talk a lot
Women use empty adjectives too much (as well as determiners such as 'so' along side them)
Women use advebs and hyperbole
Write novels that are easier to read
They have a smaller vocabulary than men
Men are responsible for introducing new words to our language
1 of 6
Robin Lackoff (1975)
women:
Talk less frequently
Use minimal responses such as 'mm' and 'yeah'
Use a greater range of italics eg so, very, quite
Use hedging frequently
Tag questions
Use euphanisms and diminutives more than men do
Use 'wh-' imperitives
Use modal constructions
Avoid slang and swearing, and avoid making threats and agressive language
Lack a sense of humour
2 of 6
Deborah Tannen (1990's)
Invented the 'difference model'
SIAIOC =
STATUS VS SUPPORT - men try to dominate in convosation
INDEPENDANCE VS INTIMACY - men focus on their independance, women think in terms of closness
ADVICE VS UNDERSTANDING - to men, a complint is a challenge to find a solution
INFORMATION VS FEELINGS - men use information, women talk more of their feelings and not the actual situation
ORDERS VS PROPOSALS - men prefer to hear a direct imperitive in convosation, whereas women tend to 'hint' that they want something eg "why don't we ..."
CONFLICT VS COMPROMISE - women try to put off arguing when possible
3 of 6
Jenifer Coates
Men often reject convosations started by women
Men talk about male things eg sport, buissness, politics etc
Women are more likley to start a convoosation than men, but these convosations are less likely to succeed
4 of 6
Dale Spender
Proposed that language uses "male as norm"
Patriarchal society
"Pernicious" language
5 of 6
Paul Baker (1950/60's)
Invented 'polari' (also known as lavender language)
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