Energy systems

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ATP - PC system

Type of reaction - Anaerobic

Site of reaction - Sarcoplasm 

Food fuel - PC

Enzyme - Creatine Kinase 

ATP yield - 1:1

By-products - None

The intensity of exercise - Very high (e.g shot put)

Duration - 2-10 secs 

Strengths - No delay for oxygen/ PC ready immediately/ No fatiguing by-products/ Provides ATP quickly 

Weaknesses - Low ATP yield/ small PC stores/ only provides energy for a max of 8-10 secs

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Glycolytic system (Anaerobic)

Type - Anaerobic 

Site - Sarcoplasm

Food fuel - Glycogen/ glucose

Enzyme - GPP, PFK and LDH

ATP yield - 1:2

By-products - Lactic acid

The intensity of activity - High intensity 

Duration - Up to 3 mins

Strengths - No delay for oxygen/ relatively fast breakdown for ATP resynthesis/ Lactic acid can be recycled into fuel for further energy production 

Weaknesses - fatiguing by-product which reduces enzyme activity/ Relatively low ATP yield

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Aerobic system

Type - Aerobic 

Site - Sarcoplasm, Matrix & cristae of mitochondria

Food fuel - Glycogen/ glucose and triglycerides (FFAs) 

Enzyme - GPP, PFK, coenzyme A and lipase

ATP yield - 1:38

By-products - Carbon dioxide and water 

The intensity of activity - Low-moderate 

Duration - 3 mins onward 

Strengths -Large fuel stores/ High ATP yield and long duration of energy production/ no fatiguing by-products 

Weaknesses - Delay for oxygen delivery and complex series of reactions/ slow energy production/ FFAs demand 15% more oxygen for breakdown 

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