Energy - P1

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  • Created by: pavani02
  • Created on: 09-06-17 19:11

Energy Stores

KINETIC - energy possessed by a moving object

CHEMICAL - energy stored in bonds between atoms (batteries, food)

INTERNAL - energy of the motion of particles in a object

GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL - energy due to the position of gravitational potential

MAGNETIC - energy due to position in a magnetic field

ELECTROSTATIC - energy due to position in electric field

ELASTIC POTENTIAL - energy stored when shape the is changed

NUCLEAR - energy stored in particles in the nucleus (released in fusion/ fission reactions)

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Energy transfers

SYSTEM - object or group of objects

Energy is transferred when a system changes

CLOSED SYSTEM - when matter or energy can't leave the systems so the net change of energy is 0.

The total amount of energy in the closed system is CONSTANT

How does energy transfer?

-HEAT  e.g. boiling water in kettle, the water = system. the energy is transferred by heating into the waters internal store- electric to thermal energy

-DOING WORK work done = energy transfer

The work can be done if a current flows or there is a force moving the object

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Kinetic energy

If something is moving it has energy in the KINETIC ENERGY STORE

When object speeds up = energy transferred TO

When object slows down = energy transferred AWAY

Greater mass and faster speed = more energy 

KE = 0.5 x M x v² 

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Gravitational Potemtial Energy

WORK is needed to lift an object in a GRAVITATIONAL FIELD

Higher object lifted and stronger gravitational field = more energy transferred in store

GPE = mgh

Can see the change in energy in the store for a change in height

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Falling objects and stretching

-When an object FALLS energy from GPE store - KE store

When there's no air resistance:

Energy lost from GPE store = energy gained 

When there's air resistance:

energy can transfer to other energy stores eg. thermal energy 

-When an object is STRETCHED energy is transferred to its elastic potential energy store

If the LIMIT OF PROPORTIONALITY hasn't been passed the energy can be found by:

EPE = 0.5ke² 

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