Edward VI
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- Created by: slytherin
- Created on: 11-05-17 19:50
Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset
- After the death of H8, a Regency Council was set up as a way preventing an indivual seizing power.
- Somerset overthrew the Regency C. within weeks of Henry's death and names himself King's Protector.
- Privy Council began to resent Somerset and the Protectorate.
- Widespread fear that of the breakdown of law and order.
- Cramner's Homily on Obedience published and it stressed the importance of obeying the law.
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Factional Rivalry
- Thomas Seymour is angry at being left out of the Regency Council. Somerset makes his brother a member and a Lord.
- Seymour seeks to turn Edward VI against Somerset and plots with Southampton against Somerset.
- Somerset accuses Seymour of treason.
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Foreign Policy
- Somerset wanted to defeat Scotland and reassert E6's feudal suzerainty over the country.
- Wanted E6 to marry Mary Queen of Scots as a way of uniting England & Scotland.
- It was a catastrophe as forts were difficult to capture and hard to maintain and defend.
- France aided Scotland through the Auld Alliance.
- Somerset was forced to debase the coinage to pay for his policy. This caused social distress.
- A faltering relationship with France meant a threat of war.
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Religion
- Somerset converted to Protestantism and influenced the religious changes.
- Somerset welcomed radicals such as Bacon and Harper.
- 1547 - Injunctions of 1538 was reissued. It attacked many features of Catholicism and forbid the burning of lights and encouraged the destruction of images. E6 was also made Supreme Head of the Church.
- 1547 - Also saw the dissolution of the Chantries. It brought in money for foreign policy.
- 1549 - Book of Common Prayer was written in English. It excluded elevation of the house and the sacrifica element of Catholicism was reduced.
- 1549 - Act of Uniformity. Book of Common Prayer is the only legal form of worship and there is to be no Latin in churches.
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Unrest of 1549
- A bad year in the Tudor period.
- Rebellions in East Anglia and the South West.
- Somerset's government are unable to cope as resources were overstretched.
- Many reasons for the rebellions but tax was often a reoccuring factor.
- Enclosure was also a reason for the unrest.
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Western Rebellion
- Also referred to as the 'Prayer Book Rebellion'.
- Partially motivated by religious grievances.
- Rebels wanted to reverse the last 15 years of religious reform.
- Wanted traditional Catholicism back.
- No 100% religous. Another reason was the distrust between peasants and landowners.
- Somerset also placed a tax on sheep.
- Insensitive officals worsened the rebellion.
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Kett's Rebellion
- Not religiously motivated.
- Social conflict and class differences were the main factors.
- The factors included a hatred of local government officials and a resentment of landowners who had denied access to Norfolk Foldclosure, frustration for the rule of the Howards.
- Kett held control over the rebels and negotiated with vivic authorities.
- It showed the nobles that they people could manage wuthout them.
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How did Somerset deal with the rebellions?
- Told Lord Russell to his army and deal with the Western rebellion but he was too slow.
- The rebels were defeated in August and illegally arrested without trial.
- These actions made Ketts rebellion worse.
- Northumberland took his men there and was defeated
- Somerset was forced to send the army and mercenaries. The rebellion was brutally suppressed.
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Somerset's ending
- The fact that he couldn't deal with rebellions destroyed his political credibility.
- He had debased the coinage several times - England was a financial mess.
- His policies either induced rebellion or encouraged it.
- Didn't unite Scotland and England.
- Threat of French invasion was reduced but England was close to losing Calais and Boulogne.
- Somerset failed to consult others.
- He had too much power.
- His attitude created enemies - Northumberland.
- By October most of the council was involved in a conspiracy to remove him.
- He surrendered after it was promised he wouldn't be charged.
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Dudley, Earl of Warwick, Earl of Northumberland
- Wanted to avoid concentration of power.
- Made Lord President of the Council.
- Promoted Protestants to the council.
- Northumberland ejected many conservatives - 'second coup'.
- William Cecil became his key advisor.
- Somerset was executed after he tried to take control.
- Started to act like Somerset.
- Removed possible enemies from the council such as Paget.
- Power was in his hands.
- Achieved financial stability.
- Ended wars with France and Scotland .
- Reintroduced Henry's Treason Act of 1550 to reduce social unrest.
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N - Religion
- Wanted to continue Protestant reforms that Somerset began and wanted to extract church wealth.
- Changes were more radical - influenced by Cranmer.
- Widespread removal of altars that were replaced with communion tables.
- Conservative bishops were re over and replaced with Protestant ones.
- Protestant nature of the official doctrine was confirmed in the 42 articles.
- 1552 revised book of common prayer - all traces of Catholicism was removed.
- Popish vestments banned and restriction on church music.
- 1552 Act of Uniformity - offence not to use revised book of common prayer.
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N - religion x2
- At the start of his reign, Protestants were a minority.
- Churches were gradually compliant but hid artefacts.
- People less interested in glamour or didn't want their money given to E6.
- Decline in church attendance.
- Little opposition to these changes.
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Foreign Policy
- Made peace with France and returned Boulogne for money.
- Alliance between Scotland and England failed due to a disagreement.
- Costly foreign policy ended.
- Troops withdrawn from Scotland and no issues at borders.
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Succession Crisis
- H8 stated that Mary would be queen if E6 didn't have an heir.
- E6 rapid decline in health panicked everyone.
- Northumberland feared Mary so he needed to make sure she didn't inherit.
- Created the Devise which named Lady Jane Grey as heir.
- E6 saw his sisters as illegitimate and needed to remove Henry's 1544 succession act. But died before h could.
- Northumberland was unprepared but 3 days later named LJG as Queen.
- Mary raised support and Northumberland needed to stop her from reaching London.
- Council members began to proclaim Mary Queen and soon after so did Northumberland.
- Northumberland had little support.
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