Education

Cultural capital -> Bourdieu -> more likely to have the necessary knowledge, attitudes and skills needed for success in education. Parents transmit these values to their children. 

Elaborated speech code -> Bernstein -> more likely to use an elaborated speech code which consists of complex sentences, wider vocabulary, more analytic speech, its used by teachers in lessons and also used in exam papers and textbooks.

Defer gratification -> Sugarman -> more likely to 'stay in' and revise for exams. 

Future time-orientated -> Sugarman -> more likely to set long term goals and plan careers.

Attend parents evenings -> Douglas -> middle class parents are more likely to attend parents evenings and read through school reports and reviews. They will know how to 'play the system' and wont be afraid to contact the school if they have any problems.

Cultural deprivation -> Bourdieu -> less likely to have the knowledge, attitudes and skills needed for success in education. 

Restricted speech code -> Bernstein -> more likely to use a restricted speech code which consists of simple sentences, gestures, slang, limited vocabulary, less analytic speech, not used by teachers in lessons, not used in exam papers or textbooks.

Immediate gratification -> Sugarman -> more likely to 'go out' with friends than stay in and revise. 

Present time-orientated -> Sugarman -> more likely to leave school and get a job as soon as possible.

Fatalistic attitude -> Sugarman -> more likely to believe that individuals cannot improve their position in life through education and effort.

Parents evenings -> Douglas -> working class parents are less likely to attend parents evenings and contact school.

Middle class children are:

More likely to live in good housing with plenty of space for safe play and effective study.

More likely to have access to books, computers, calculators and internet.

More likely to have a healthy and nutritious diet. They will have less time off school. They will be able to concentrate in class for extended periods of time. 

More likely to have the latest equipment. More likely to be able to go on foreign trips and educational visits.

Less likely to need to take on outside jobs to support either their family or themselves. They can then spend more time on revison and school work.

Middle class parents are:

More likely to be able to afford a house in the catchment area of a school that has a good reputation and is high in the exam leauge tables. 'Selection by mortgage'

More likely to be able to afford private tutors, revision guides and transport costs.

Working class children are: 

More likely to live in over-crowded housing with a lack of space for safe play and effective study.Less likely to have access to books, computers, calculators and the internet.

Less likely to have a healthy diet. More likely to have more time off school with illness due to poor nutrition and from living in damp housing. Less likely to be able to concentrate in lessons becuase of lack of energy and vitamins.

Less likely to have the latest items. More likely to suffer brand bullying. Less likely to go on additional trips.

More likely to need to take on outside jobs to support their family or themselves. Takes time away from revising for exams.

Working class parents are:

Less likely to be able to afford a house in the catchment area of a school that has a good reputation and is high in the exam leauge tables.

Less likely to be able to afford private tutors, revision guides and transport costs.