EarthQuakes

• Date:Tuesday 12th January 2010
• Plate Boundary:Conservative
• Plate:Carribean;North American
• Time of Quake:16:52
• Epicentre:25km west:Port-au-Prince
• Magnitude:7.0
• Depth of Focus:13km
• Deaths:230,000(est)
• Gdp:167/187
• Population (City):3,000,000
• Transport Links:Port& Airport:One Runway
• Last Quake:1751-7.5
• Cost of Damage:11 billion to build

•  Collision Plate Boundary:An EarthQuake occurs when two plates collide against each other:Friction occurs;results in:A Plate going on top of another plate

• Richter Scale:Measures energy/Magnitude;Earthquake;It allows the viewer;compare different earthquakes together.
• Mercalli Scale:Measures physcical effects:Earthquakes;Damage,what people feel.

I would say that the mercalli Scale is the most accurate as it uses the physcical effects of the earthquake to determine how powerful the Earthquake was. Compared to the richter scale no evidence is used to suggest why an earthquake would be on a specific location on the scale.

• Rubble from collapsed buildings blocked roads and rail links. 
• The port was destroyed
• Sea levels in local areas changed, with some parts of the land sinking below the sea
• The roads were littered with cracks and fault lines.
• 000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged.  The port, other major roads and communication.
• 
  Rubble from collapsed buildings blocked roads and rail links. 
• 316,000 people died and more than a million people were made homeless, even in 2011 people remained in make shift temporary homes.

• LiqueFaction-Mixing:Sand/ soil and groundwater (water underground) during ;shaking of a moderate/ strong earthquake.
• Ground shaking is both a hazard created:Earthquakes; trigger for other hazards such: Liquefaction and Landslides.
• Ground shaking describes:Vibration;the ground during an earthquakes.
• Tsunamis: Offshore subduction zone earthquake / earthquake generated somewhere else around  Pacific Ocean ; generates  tsunamis which:Series of waves.
  
• LandSlides:Occur when there is a large movement in the ground:Causes rocks to fall.
• Landslides:Can occur on any terrain:Right soil,Slope angle conditions, and moisture.

• Long-Term Impacts:Take place/last for days/months years after event has taken place.E.G:Spread of Disease;Homeless.
• The homeless:Accommodated :Over 1100 squalid camps ;limited services such:Water ;sanitation.
• People lived in these camps for over a year.
• Cholera claimed the lives of several hundred people mainly children. Storms and flooding caused further hardship in Camps.
• 5000 schools damaged or destroyed.

• Date:February 22nd 2011
• Plate Boundary:Conservative
• Plate:Australian/Pacific
• Time of Quake:12:51
• Epicentre:10km South of ChristChurch
• Magnitude:6.3
• Depth of Focus:5km
• Deaths:185
• Gdp:32/187
• Population(City):375,000
• Transport Links:15 Airports:South Island;3 Interntional Airports
• Last Quake:2010-7.1
• Cost of Insurance:3 Billion-Insurance Claims

• The UK’s Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) raised over £100million:Medical Consualtations,Emergency Shelter, and Cleaning Drinking Water;Sanitations.
•   The United Nations; USA provided security :Maintain law ;order; ensure fair distribution:Aid.
• Sniffer dogs ; high tech heat sensitive equipment :Flown in : MEDCs
• world bank pledged $100million ;support reconstruction ;recovery programmes :Haiti.
• 3/4 of damaged buildings were inspected and repaired.
• 200,000 people have received cash or food for public work such as clearly rubble.

• Long-Term Responses:Roads and houses were cleared of silt from liquefaction by August and 80% of roads/50% of footpaths were repaired.
• Water and sewerage was restored for all residents by August.
• Provided temporary housing and ensured all damaged housing was kept water tight.
• Paid $898 million in building claims.

Short-Term Responses:

• International aid Provided :Form; Money (around $6-7 million) and aid workers
• Areas were zoned (green, orange, white, red) to classify damage/cost of repairs.
• Chemical toilets :Provided for 30,000 residents.
• Cared for: Most vulnerable people ensured people were safe : Dangerous buildings.