Differing approaches to heathcare

• An example of this is Cuba.
• Health Care is totally paid for by the state.
• Very efficient - Second highest life expectancy in the Caribbean (79 years for female)
• There is an emphasis on training new doctors.
• 21 medical schools in Cuba - free for students.
• There are 30,000 family doctors in Cuba.
• Infant mortality as low as in the UK (5 per 1000 live births.)
• Ranked by WHO as just below the USA in the terms of the health care it offers.
• This is remarkable as spending in Cuba is 10 times less.

• An example is the USA.
• There are independent doctors, pharmacies, clinics and hospitals.
• The consumer pays for his/her treatment.
• Most have insurance.
• In the USA, basic care is provided. Medicaid for poor, and Medicare for the elderly.
• Over 55% of health care provided is private.

• An example is France.
• The health care in France judged best in the world by WHO.
• Freedom to choose your own doctor or check into a hospital; a 'hypercondriacs paradise.'
• Patient pays upfront and is reimbursed to varying degrees.
• An excess is paid.
• Often topped up by private health care schemes.
• Doctor: Patient ratio 3:1000 in France.
• Health care expenditure is 10% GDP.

• In the UK.
• Health care is funded by the taxpayer.
• Some treatments cost extra for adults (optometry, dentistry, prescriptions)
• 12.9% of health care is still private, often through workplace schemes such as BUPA.
• Effective - a high life expectancy (81 years for women.)

• An example is India.
• There is a mixture of traditional/herbal and western medicine.
• Patient: Doctor ratio 500:1 in cities.
• Cities are where most hospitals are located.
• Patient: Doctor ration 7000: 1 in rural areas.
• Little access to hospitals in rural areas. Mostly small or mobile clinics which treat minor ailments and give advice on basic hygiene.
• Less that 2% of India's GDP is spent on health care.
• The world bank is aiming to improve this.

Socialised

Pluralistic

Insurance (Social Security)

NHS

Emergent