represents females as passive objects of male desire
audiences are forced to view woman through the eyes of a hetrosexual male.
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Stuart Hall
The media and their audiences often blur race and class. So therefore, they associate races with different social classes.
Audiences understand the media text based on their upbringing.
Ethnic Minorities are often represented as the "other" group.
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Todorov
Equilibrium (the beginning)
Disequibirium(The issues begin to take place)
Recognising Disequilibrium
Attempt to repair equilibrium
New Equilibrium(The hero fixes everything and everything returns to normal or a new normal is created in response)
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Levi Strauss (1958)
Binary oppositions are used frequently in films.
Good Vs Bad or Protagonist vs Antagonist
Hero vs Villain
Black Vs White
Insane Vs Sane
Human Vs Supernatural
Young Vs Old
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Barthes
A part of the story which is not fully explained so therefore becomes a mystery to the audience.
Purpose = Keep audience guessing until the scene where all is revealed and loose ends are tied up.
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Propp
Hero - seeks something Villain - opposes the hero Doner - helps the hero Dispatcher - sends the hero on his way Helper - supports hero Princess - reward but needs protection
Father - protects princess
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Uses and Gratifications - Katz & Blumer
focusses on consumer media needs to fulfil one of the following for the consumer:
Identity - Being able to recognise the product or person, identifying with the values, aspiration to be someone else.
Educate - being able to acquire info, knowledge or understanding.
Entertain - enjoyment and escapism.
Social Interaction - produces a topic of discussion with others.
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