a measure of a countries wealth and how it is generated
gross domestic product is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a counties borders in a time period
gross domestic product per capita is the total income of a country pet year divided by the number of people in the country
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT:
education: literacy rates and years in school
health: number of doctors
diet
population: fertility and mortality rates, structure of population and dependency ratio
ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT:
access to safe drinking water
protection for the environment
1 of 7
Development indicators
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX:
combines life expectancy, education, average length of schooling and GDP per capita
combined to be ranked from 0-1
the closer to 1 you are, the more developed you are
doesn't just rely on wealth
easy to compare
reduces everything to one number
CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX:
where your money is safest
scale of 10 (honest) to 0
WOMEN DEVELOPMENT:
amount of women at work or with qualifications
2 of 7
Development gap
Brandt line in 1980
wealthy North (HIC's)
major resources of raw materials in the middle income countries, encouraged investment and development
in the 1990's there was rapid development in Asia such as Hong kong and Singapore
much of the growth is due to the investment of transnational corporations
3 of 7
Malawi
death rate per 1000 was 12.8 in 2010
life expectancy was 52.3 in 2010
maternal mortality per 100,000 births was 460 in 2010
LAND LOCKED:
no coastline means not port for trading
800km away from the nearest port (Nacala in Mozambique)
the train line is slow and expensive
HIV/AIDS:
since 1920, 20% of adults have become infected
TRADE:
suffers from unfair international trade laws
if Malawi processes it's coffee its more expensive
4 of 7
How countries develop
ROSTOW MODERNISATION THEORY: theories that build on the idea that the rate of development of a country is to do with the internal structures, governance and culture
GUNDER FRANK DEPENDANCY THEORY: theories that build upon the idea that the rate of development of a country is due to its relationships with other countries
TRADITIONAL SOCIETY: subsistence economy out put not traded or recorded. High levels of agriculture and labour intense agriculture
PRE-CONDITIONS: development of mining industries. Increase in capital use agriculture. Necessity of external growth
TAKE OFF: increasing industrialisation and further growth in savings and investment. Employment in agriculture declines
DRIVE TO MATURITY: growth is self sustaining. Industry more diversified and increase in levels of technology
HIGH MASS CONSUMPTION: high output levels. High employment in service sectors
5 of 7
Top down strategies
decision makers look at the bigger picture to identify needs and opportunities
local people are told what is happening but have no say in whether it will happen or not
THE GREEN REVOLUTION:
in India.
it offered HYU seeds instead of the traditional lower yeilding varieties which had sometimes not produced enough food and lead to hunger
HYU's were developed by scientists
India can export rice
6 of 7
Bottom up strategies
experts working with local communities to identify their needs
giving local people control in improving their lives
intermediate technology
BIOGAS:
ASTRA is a recent development project in rural areas
they found that most rural families daily routine takes a long time
rural girls have little education and few complete primary school
cow dung has a high value becuase it produces a gas called biogas
families can use this and gain from this becuase: there is less time needed to collect it, there's not ash produces, heat is instant and there is less smoke
Comments
No comments have yet been made