Detente

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SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

SALT I: 

Who it was between: USSR and the USA

When it was signed: May 1962

Success or failure: Success 

Agreements:

  • Limiting both superpowers to two ABM's each. 
  • Interim treaty: Limits were placed on the number of ICBM's and SLBM's.
  • The seabed pact (1961): Banned the placing of warheads on the seabed.
  • Trade was encouraged between the two powers

Criticisms: The interim treaty did not include new warheads in development. This led to the development of MIRV's. 

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SALT II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

What countries it was between: Brezhnev (USSR president) and Gerald Ford (USA president).

When it took place: 1974

Success or failure: Failure

Disagreements:

  • American public opinion was as well as the opinion of US senators was against arms control agreements with a Soviet Government considered to be untrustworthy.
  • Increasing conflict in the third world led to the Senate's rejection of SALT II (1980)
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Helsinki Accords (1975)

Who attended: Thirty-three states from both NATO and Warsaw Pact

When it was agreed: 1975

What they agreed on: The three baskets 

  • Basket I: Declared borders of European countries to be inviolable (could not be altered by force). All countries accepted the existence of the Soviet bloc in Eastern Europe including Germany. 
  • Basket II: Covered trade and technology exchanges to promote links across the iron curtain
  • Basket III: Included an agreement to respect human rights, such as freedom of speech and freedom of movement across Europe. 
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Ostpolitik

Who it was between: USSR and FRG

What it involved: A complex set of treaties in which Willy Brandt negotiated on behalf of the FRG for. 

Treaties that took place: 

Moscow treaty (1970): USSR and FRG declared they had no territorial claims against each other. FRG was committed to negotiating treaties with Poland, GDR, and Czechoslovakia

The Warsaw and Prague treaties: Poland and USSR recognized they had no territorial demands over each other. Trade and financial assistance from the FRG was to be increased

Four powers negotiations over Berlin: Involved 3 principles allowing West Berliners to visit East Berlin. Unimpeded traffic between West Berlin and FRG. Recognition of West Berlin's ties with the FRG.

The basic treaty: FRG recognized the GDR as an equal and sovereign state. Both sides accepted the GDR should be represented in the UN.

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