Immigration
- 1900-1940s: Largest immigrant groups were Irish, European Jews & people of British descent from Canada & the USA. Very few were non-white
- 1950s-70s: Non-white immigrants from the Caribbean, Africa & South Asia
Emigration
- Most emigrants go to the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand & South Africa
Push factors: unemployment, war, religious / ethnic resecution, poverty
Pull factors: better economic opportunities, political stability, welfare, higher wages
Cohen: Class differences among migrants
- Citizens: full rights
- Denizens: Privileged foreign nationals e.g. billionaire oligarchs & investors
- Helots: Disposible labour power found in unskilled poorly-paid work
Immigration policies
- Assimilation: encourages immigrants to integrate
- Multiculturalism: embraces cultural differences (shallow & deep diversity)
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