social order and social control create a consensus of how to behave
- social order and social control maintain status quo and create a value consensus of how to behave
- sanctions are rewards and punishments that reinforce social norms
- positive formal sanctions - carried out by official agency. positive sanctions reward people for conforming. certificate for passing an exam, medal for bravery in army, cup for winning sporting event
- negative formal sanctions - fine for breaking the law, points on a driving license, yellow card from referee
- positive informal sanctions - carried out by the public. A pat on the back, saying 'well done' for good behaviour
- negative informal sanctions - deliberately ignoring someone. Telling-off for bad behaviour
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