Cultural and Social changes - Comparing Lenin and Stalin

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The Church- Lenin and Stalin

  • Lenin
  • restricted religion, worship + practices
  • 1921 Union of Militant Goodless formed- Iconoclasm ( asset *********)
  • Death Penalties- Othodox Church Leaders -1000's imprisoned
  • 1928 anti-church campaign 8000 killed
  • Stalin
  • 1928-9 decrease in persecutions
  • 1930's renewal of persecutions
  • 60,000 Orthodox priets 1920 to 5,665 1941
  • End 1938 30 % of churches closed- 1929- Law illegal to hold ceremonies outside church buildings, congressions lienses to worship
  • Godless League established 
  • Youths- Komsomol
  • 55% remained Catholic- peasants

Conc- Both got worse- continuation of Lenin's policies ( Not Rev)+ not a retreat.

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Women

  • Lenin Divorce made easier- highest divorce rates in the 1920 = 37%
  • marriage seen as Burzhui ( not necessary)- decrease in religious services
  • Birth control allowed in 1920
  • Comminsar for Social Welfare set- 2 months matt leave
  • Zhenotdel set up encourage women to participate in politics- failed 15% party members= women
  • Under NEP forced to work in unskilled jobs and a decrease in Education.
  • Stalin 1928-40 3 million - 13/14 million- 10 million entered the work force.
  • WW2- 1944 women with more than one child = heroine of the state- 800,000 fought at the front line.
  • return to family traditions law- marriage, aborations abolished + illegal birth control banned.
  • increase education- university 60%= women
  • Economic- women became members of the work forces
  • Conc- retreat than rev- return to Tsarist values BUT rev- education + work- restricted to the family- change from Lenin but not Tsarists
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Youth

  • Lenin
  • universal schooling abandoned due to finanical pressure
  • 1923- no pupils 1/2- increase crime
  • 50% children believe in God
  • 1927 survey negative about comm
  • 65% of illeterate 
  • educated at home till 6/7
  • Korsomol 1926 - youth movement
  • Stalin
  • all teachers had to be from the communist party
  • 1940 Komsomol- 10 million memebers
  • 1935 law- tried if were 12 + as an adult- 10yrs
  • more formal exams and displine- open univerisity 
  • increased literacy rate of 51% 1926- 1939 88%

Conc- more of an revolution than an retreat - paratic- education- better jobs but less freedom- alot of social change but no freedom

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Soviet men and women - Proletariart

Lenin

  • increased labour for children 
  • removed free movement- maxium wages restricted based on Marxist principles ( comrade)
  • crime decrease as communisim is established. 
  • 39% men used Prostitues + women in labour by 1929 same as 1913

Stalin

  • re-intro wage differtials.
  • 20 million more workers
  • increase in pop 2.2million moscow 1929 - 4 million 139
  • 44% workforce women
  • 1938 labour decree- restricted movement- 1940 increase in number of working hours 8 hrs
  • free labour market abolished- punishment for being late
  • Stakhanovite movement in glofied the worker.
  • Conc- more rev , increase in Status and skills. BUT retreat return to strict discipline only improved skilled workers.
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Peasant

Lenin

  • 75% of the pop
  • Kulak- 1% and owned 90% land
  • NEP- freedom- sell goods
  • social unrest 1921- Tambov Revolt
  • Famine Civil War- 5 million dead.

Stalin

  • 19/ 20 million  peasants work for industry- migration
  • dekulkation- 7 million industry
  • grain requistioning 
  • Collectivisation
  • Slave labour- GIGNTAMONIA
  • Conc- largely revolution- no better for peasants BUT lack of freedom under Tsar, worse under Stalin + alot of social change- decrease in status and number- indust command economy.
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