Cross-Cultural Policies

• Result of rapid population growth in China

• Those who complied with the policy received extra benefits
  • Free child healthcare
  • Priority education

• Those who didn't comply had to give back allowances and pay fines

• Workplace Family Planning Committee
  • Had to seek permission to get pregnant
  • Workplaces had quotas and waiting lists of those wanting to be/were pregnant

• Prevented 400 million births between 1979 and 2013

• Lifted countless families out of poverty

• Strict limits led to forced and underground abortions/sertilisation

• Gender ratio = 118 boys:100 girls

• Followed the Russian Revolution in 1917

• Eradicated traditional and patriarchal families

• Divorce and abortion was made easier

• Women entered paid employment
  • State provided communial nurseries

• 'U-turned' during period of war and famine
  • Returned to traditional family structures for solidarity in economy
  • Divorce laws tightened
  • More children had = higher family allowance

• Decline in population in 1980s

• Restriction of contraception and abortion

• More stringent divorce laws

• Legal age of marriage lowered to 15

• Unmarried and childless couples had to pay an extra 5% income tax

• 1930s = opted for two-fold family policy
  • 'Racially Pure' families
    • Bred the master race
  • Mass cull of 'racially impure' families

• Women removed from work and confined to 'kitchen, children, church'

• 375,000 disabled persons were sterilised
  • Ground of 'unfit' to breed

• Awards given out to those with high numbers of children
  • E.g gold award for those with 8 children

Russia - 2007

• Children born on the National Day could win refrigerators, money, etc (when given birth to, not every birthday)

South Korea - 2010

• Total fertility rate = 1.2
• Governement turns of lights in all offices by 7pm on the 3rd Wednesday of every month
  • 'Family Day'

Singapore

• Spends $1.3 billion annully to convince citizens to "get busy"
• Offering $15,000 parental packages for each child

• 26th nation to legalise gay marriage

• 61.6% backed the legislation
  • 38.4% opposed

• Hoped to be legalised before Christmas 2017

• Yes vote ranged from 57.8% to 74% across 6 states

• Homosexual activity fully legalised in 1997